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arXiv 1004.2198cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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非晶态固体的非热非线性弹性常数

Athermal Nonlinear Elastic Constants of Amorphous Solids

Smarajit Karmakar, Edan Lerner, Itamar Procaccia

摘要:

我们推导出最低的非线性弹性常数的非晶态固体在无热条件下(三阶),在组成粒子之间的相互作用势的表达式。当非晶态固体在无热极限下发生塑性流动或断裂等不稳定性时,这些常数的影响不可忽视;在这种情况下,弹性响应极大地增加,使系统远远超出线性范围。我们证明了现有的热非线性弹性常数理论在零温极限下收敛于我们的表达式。我们通过讨论两个例子来激发计算,其中这些非线性弹性常数在非晶态固体的弹塑性中起着至关重要的作用。第一个例子是塑性诱导的记忆,这是典型的非晶态固体(引起鲍辛格效应)。第二个例子是如何从非线性弹性常数的知识来预测下一个塑性事件。利用本文的结果,我们推导出一个简单的微分方程的最低特征值的Hessian矩阵在外部应变附近的机械不稳定性,这个方程预测的特征值如何消失的机械不稳定性和应变的值发生。

英文摘要:

We derive expressions for the lowest nonlinear elastic constants of amorphous solids in athermal conditions (up to third order), in terms of the interaction potential between the constituent particles. The effect of these constants cannot be disregarded when amorphous solids undergo instabilities like plastic flow or fracture in the athermal limit; in such situations the elastic response increases enormously, bringing the system much beyond the linear regime. We demonstrate that the existing theory of thermal nonlinear elastic constants converges to our expressions in the limit of zero temperature. We motivate the calculation by discussing two examples in which these nonlinear elastic constants play a crucial role in the context of elasto-plasticity of amorphous solids. The first example is the plasticity-induced memory that is typical to amorphous solids (giving rise to the Bauschinger effect). The second example is how to predict the next plastic event from knowledge of the nonlinear elastic constants. Using the results of this paper we derive a simple differential equation for the lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix in the external strain near mechanical instabilities; this equation predicts how the eigenvalue vanishes at the mechanical instability and the value of the strain where the mechanical instability takes place.

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