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arXiv 1004.0849astro-ph.HE
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天鹅座X-1硬谱态的一年AGILE观测

A year-long AGILE observation of Cygnus X-1 in hard spectral state

E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, Y. Evangelista, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, P. Soffitta, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F… 展开作者

E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, Y. Evangelista, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, P. Soffitta, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, A. Bulgarelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Chen, F. D'Ammando, G. Di Cocco, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, A. Giuliani, C. Labanti, P. Lipari, F. Longo, M. Marisaldi, S. Mereghetti, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, M. Prest, G. Pucella, A. Rappoldi, S. Sabatini, E. Striani, M. Tavani, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, S. Vercellone, V. Vittorini, A. Zambra, L. A. Antonelli, S. Cutini, C. Pittori, B. Preger, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, L. Salotti

摘要:

本文介绍了在AGILE科学验证阶段和硬X射线观测周期1期间对天鹅座X-1硬谱态的观测(使用SuperAGILE)和伽马射线我们研究了Cyg X-1在硬X射线中不同时间尺度的变化,从$\sim 6$ s到一天,我们应用不同的时间分析工具,如自相关函数,一阶结构函数和Lomb-Scargle周期图,我们的数据(来自SuperAGILE)和软X射线的同步数据(来自RXTE/ASM)。我们结束我们的调查与搜索的发射能量范围在100兆电子伏以上的极大似然技术。在硬X射线波段,天鹅座X-1的通量在所有时间尺度上都表现出典型的不稳定波动,其变化约为2倍,不会显著影响能谱的形状。从一级结构函数中我们发现Cyg X-1的X射线发射是由\textit{antipersistence}表征的,这表明在工作中存在负反馈机制。在整个观测期间(160天),在天鹅座X-1的γ射线数据中没有发现统计上显著的点状源,通量的上限为$\mathrm{5 \times 10^{-8} \; ph \; cm^{-2} \; s^{-1}}$。最后,我们比较我们的上限在伽马射线与预期的各种模型的天鹅X-1发射,强子和轻子的起源,在GeV - TeV波段。图中显示了天鹅座X-1在硬X射线波段超过13个月(不连续)的时间历程。不同的分析工具不提供系统中的特征时间尺度的完全收敛的结果,这表明在结构函数中发现的时间尺度不是源的物理学所固有的。

英文摘要:

We present the observation of Cyg X-1 in hard spectral state performed during the AGILE Science Verification Phase and Observing Cycle 1 in hard X-rays (with SuperAGILE) and gamma rays (with the GRID) and lasting for about 160 days with a live time of $\sim 6$ Ms. We investigate the variability of Cyg X-1 in hard X-rays at different timescales, from $\sim 300$ s up to one day, and we apply different tools of timing analysis, such as the autocorrelation function, the first order structure function and the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, to our data (from SuperAGILE) and to the simultaneous data in soft X-rays (from RXTE/ASM). We conclude our investigation with a search for emission in the energy range above 100 MeV with the maximum likelihood technique. In the hard X-ray band the flux of Cyg X-1 shows its typical erratic fluctuations at all timescales with variations of about a factor of two that do not affect significantly the shape of the energy spectrum. From the first order structure function we find that the X-ray emission of Cyg X-1 is characterized by \textit{antipersistence}, indication of a negative feedback mechanism at work. In the gamma ray data a statistically significant point-like source at the position of Cyg X-1 is not found and the upper limit on the flux is $\mathrm{5 \times 10^{-8} \; ph \; cm^{-2} \; s^{-1}}$, over the whole observation (160 days). Finally we compare our upper limit in gamma rays with the expectation of various models of the Cyg X-1 emission, of both hadronic and leptonic origin, in the GeV -- TeV band. The time history of Cyg X-1 in the hard X-ray band over 13 months (not continuous) is shown. Different tools of analysis do not provide fully converging results of the characteristic timescales in the system, suggesting that the timescales found in the structure function are not intrinsic to the physics of the source.

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