天鹅座X-3的硬度-强度图：再论射电/X射线态
The Hardness-Intensity Diagram of Cygnus X-3: Revisiting the Radio/X-Ray States
摘要：
天鹅座X-3是银河系中最明亮的X射线和射电源之一，并且以其在X射线和射电中的不稳定行为而闻名，偶尔会产生与相对论喷射有关的大型射电耀斑。然而，即使经过多年的观测，天鹅座X-3在不同的波段仍然没有清晰的物理理解。同时研究微类星体中的不同发射带已被证明是理解这些系统的一种富有成效的方法，特别是通过阐明吸积盘/喷流的联系。我们继续这一遗产，通过构建一个硬度强度图（HID）档案罗西X射线定时探测器的数据和链接同时无线电observations. We发现，令人惊讶的天鹅座X-3草图类似的形状在HID中看到的其他瞬态黑洞X射线双星爆发期间，但有明显的差异。结合本文的分析结果和以前对天鹅座X-3的研究，我们得出结论，X射线态可以被分配到六个不同的状态。这种分类在很大程度上依赖于同时的无线电观测，我们确定了一个新的X射线状态，超软状态，类似于超软状态，这是与淬灭的无线电状态，在此期间没有或非常微弱的无线电发射。最近在天鹅座X-3（Tavani等人，2009; Fermi LAT Collaboration等人，2009）中观测到的GeV通量在一次主要射电耀斑开始时的软X射线和/或射电猝灭状态下暗示，在这段时间内，一个非常高能的过程正在起作用，这也是观察到超软X射线状态的时候。此外，Cyg X-3显示出具有广泛硬度的扩口。
英文摘要：
Cygnus X-3 is one of the brightest X-ray and radio sources in the Galaxy, and is well known for its erratic behaviour in X-rays as well as in the radio, occasionally producing major radio flares associated with relativistic ejections. However, even after many years of observations in various wavelength bands Cyg X-3 still eludes clear physical understanding. Studying different emission bands simultaneously in microquasars has proved to be a fruitful approach towards understanding these systems, especially by shedding light on the accretion disc/jet connection. We continue this legacy by constructing a hardness-intensity diagram (HID) from archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data and linking simultaneous radio observations to it. We find that surprisingly Cyg X-3 sketches a similar shape in the HID to that seen in other transient black hole X-ray binaries during outburst but with distinct differences. Together with the results of this analysis and previous studies of Cyg X-3 we conclude that the X-ray states can be assigned to six distinct states. This categorization relies heavily on the simultaneous radio observations and we identify one new X-ray state, the hypersoft state, similar to the ultrasoft state, which is associated to the quenched radio state during which there is no or very faint radio emission. Recent observations of GeV flux observed from Cyg X-3 (Tavani et al. 2009; Fermi LAT Collaboration et al. 2009) during a soft X-ray and/or radio quenched state at the onset of a major radio flare hint that a very energetic process is at work during this time, which is also when the hypersoft X-ray state is observed. In addition, Cyg X-3 shows flaring with a wide range of hardness.
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