The shear modulus of solid $^4$He exhibits an anomalous change of order 10%[1, 2] at low temperatures that is qualitatively similar to the much smaller frequency change in torsional oscillator experiments. We propose that in solid $^4$He the stiffening of the shear modulus with decreasing temperature can be described with a glass susceptibility assuming a temperature dependent relaxation time $τ(T)$. The glass susceptibility captures the freezing out of glassy degrees of freedom below a characteristic crossover temperature $T_X$. There the dynamic response of the solid satisfies $ωτ(T_X) \sim 1$, thus leading to an increase in the shear modulus. Within this model we predict that the maximum change of the amplitude of the shear modulus and the height of the dissipation peak are independent of the applied frequency $ω$. Our calculations also show a qualitative difference in behavior of the shear modulus depending on the temperature behavior of the glass relaxation time $τ(T)$. These predictions can be tested by comparing the complex shear modulus with experiments at different frequencies and for different levels of disorder. [1] J. Day and J. Beamish, Nature 150, 853 (2007). [2] J. Day, O. Syshchenko, J. Beamish, Phys. Rev. B 79, 214524(2009).
Typical versus average helicity modulus in the three-dimensional gauge glass: Understanding the vortex glass phase
我们用蒙特卡罗模拟数值计算了三维规玻璃的螺旋度模量。由于平均自由能是独立的扭转角,它是预期的平均螺旋度模量,直接相关的超流密度,消失时进行模拟与周期性的边界条件。对于非零的典型(中值)值,情况不一定如此,因为螺旋度模量在不同无序实现中的分布是非常不对称的。我们表明,螺旋度模量分布的数据很好地描述了一个广义极值分布与非零的位置参数(最可能的值)。位置参数的有限尺寸标度分析产生与以前的结果一致的临界温度和临界指数。这表明位置参数是一个很好的可观测量。关于超流密度是否在涡旋玻璃相中消失,存在着相互矛盾的说法,Fisher等人[Phys. Rev. B 43,130(1991)]认为它是有限的,而Korshunov [Phys. Rev. B 63,174 - 514(2001)]预测它是零。由于规范玻璃常被用来描述高温超导体中的涡旋玻璃,我们根据我们在规范玻璃上的结果讨论了这个问题。
Elastic Properties and Glass Forming Ability of the Zr$_{50}$Cu$_{40}$Ag$_{10}$ Metallic Alloy
采用分子动力学模拟方法,在$T=250-2000$ K的温度范围内,在$p = 1.0$杆的外压下,研究了Zr $_{50}$ Cu $_{40}$ Ag $_{10}$合金的体积模量$B$、剪切模量$G$、杨氏模量$E$和泊松比$σ$.它示出的液体玻璃化转变是伴随着剪切模量$G$和杨氏模量$E$(超过$50\%$)的相当大的增加。泊松比的温度依赖性表现出从金属的典型值大约$0.32-0.33$急剧下降到低值(接近于零),这是脆性块状金属玻璃的特征。还观察到液体玻璃化转变附近的纵向和横向声速的非单调温度依赖性。用脆性指数$m$评价了合金的玻璃形成能力。发现Zr $_{50}$ Cu $_{40}$ Ag $_{10}$金属玻璃的该值为$m\approx64$,这与Zr-Cu基金属玻璃的实验数据很好地一致。
Yielding of a Model Glassformer: an Interpretation with an Effective System of Icosahedra
我们考虑了二元Lennard-Jones玻璃形成剂在简单剪切下的屈服,其超Arbellius动力学与二十面体结构的形成相关。我们将该玻璃形成体重塑为有效的二十面体系统[Pinney等人,J.Chem.Phys.143 244507(2015)]。在剪切模拟的小应变区域,我们观察到剪切速率影响剪切局部化行为,特别是在低于玻璃化转变的温度下,如Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman方程所定义的。在较高温度下,剪切定位在所有剪切速率下剪切后立即开始。在较低的温度下,更快的剪切速率可能导致剪切局部化的延迟开始;其开始接近屈服应力。基于之前考虑稳态剪切的工作[Pinney et al. J. Chem. Phys. 143 244507(2016)],我们用我们的二十面体系统根据\emph{local}有效温度解释了对剪切的响应和剪切局部化。我们发现,进行剪切局部化的区域的有效温度随应变的增加而显着增加(在达到稳态平台之前)。
Tracking shear mode dynamics across the glass transition in a 2D colloidal system
Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences(上海量子科学研究与创新中心);Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization(马克斯·普朗克动力学与自组织研究所)
String Model Predicts Relaxation in Sheared Glass-Forming Liquids
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院力学研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);National Institute of Standards and Technology(美国国家标准与技术研究院);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences(上海量子科学研究中心)