如何在原行星盘中的微小尘埃颗粒螺旋到中心恒星之前产生星子是行星系统形成理论中最具挑战性的问题之一。在我们之前的论文Kato et al.（2009）中，我们已经表明，通过磁旋转不稳定性（MRI）的非均匀激发，在盘中创建了由超开普勒区域和亚开普勒区域组成的稳定角速度分布。这种非均匀的MRI激励在具有相对低的电离度的盘的一部分中是合理预期的。在本文中，我们表明，通过三维电阻MHD模拟与测试粒子的这种径向结构的角速度确实导致防止螺旋的尘埃粒子，并进一步他们的积累在边界的超开普勒和次开普勒区域。以尘埃粒子为实验粒子，模拟了尘埃粒子在非均匀磁共振成像中的运动。在最有利的情况下（在磁盘区域中具有相对较大的MRI稳定区域部分的米级尘埃颗粒），我们发现尘埃浓度在超/亚开普勒流动边界附近达到峰值，并且峰值尘埃密度是初始值的10，000倍。峰值密度高到足以使随后的引力不稳定性发生，这表明在磁盘的弱电离区域通过非均匀激发的MRI形成星子的可能途径。
英文摘要：
How to create planetesimals from tiny dust particles in a proto-planetary disk before the dust particles spiral to the central star is one of the most challenging problems in the theory of planetary system formation. In our previous paper Kato et al. (2009), we have shown that a steady angular velocity profile that consists of both super and sub-Keplerian regions is created in the disk through non-uniform excitation of Magneto-Rotational Instability (MRI). Such non-uniform MRI excitation is reasonably expected in a part of disks with relatively low ionization degree. In this paper, we show through three-dimensional resistive MHD simulations with test particles that this radial structure of the angular velocity indeed leads to prevention of spiral-in of dust particles and furthermore to their accumulation at the boundary of super-Keplerian and sub-Keplerian regions. Treating dust particles as test particles, their motions under the influence of the non-uniform MRI through gas drag are simulated. In the most favorable cases (meter-size dust particles in the disk region with a relatively large fraction of MRI-stable region), we found that the dust concentration is peaked around the super/sub-Keplerian flow boundary and the peak dust density is 10,000 times as high as the initial value. The peak density is high enough for the subsequent gravitational instability to set in, suggesting a possible route to planetesimal formation via non-uniformly excited MRI in weakly ionized regions of a disk.
We investigate magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in Keplerian disks with a nonzero net azimuthal magnetic field using shearing box simulations. As distinct from most previous studies, we analyze turbulence dynamics in Fourier (${\bf k}$-) space to understand its sustenance. The linear growth of MRI with azimuthal field has a transient character and is anisotropic in Fourier space, leading to anisotropy of nonlinear processes in Fourier space. As a result, the main nonlinear process appears to be a new type of angular redistribution of modes in Fou…
We studied dynamical balances in magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence with a net vertical field in the shearing box model of disks. Analyzing the turbulence dynamics in Fourier (${\bf k}$-)space, we identified three types of active modes that define turbulence characteristics. These modes have lengths similar to the box size, i.e., lie in the small wavenumber region in Fourier space labeled the vital area and are: (i) the channel mode - uniform in the disk plane with the smallest vertical wavenumber,(ii) the zonal flow mode - azimuthally and vertically uniform with the smallest radia…
The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is thought to be a powerful source of turbulence in Keplerian accretion disks. Motivated by recent laboratory experiments, we study the MRI driven by an azimuthal magnetic field in an electrically conducting fluid sheared between two concentric rotating cylinders. By adjusting the rotation rates of the cylinders, we approximate angular velocity profiles $ω\propto r^{q}$. We perform direct numerical simulations of a steep profile close to the Rayleigh line $q \gtrsim -2 $ and a quasi-Keplerian profile $q \approx -3/2$ and cover wide ranges of Reynolds ($R…
The generation of spiral density waves by MRI in accretion discs
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory（阿巴斯图马尼天文台）；Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University（第比利斯国立大学理学院）；LyRIDS, ECE-Paris Engineering School（巴黎ECE工程学院LyRIDS）；LUTH, UMR 8102 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon（巴黎-默东天文台CNRS联合研究实验室）
Aims. Accretion and luminosity bursts triggered by three distinct mechanisms: the magnetorotational instability in the inner disk regions, clump infall in gravitationally fragmented disks and close encounters with an intruder star, were studied to determine the disk kinematic characteristics that can help to distinguish between these burst mechanisms. Methods. Numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit were employed to model the bursts in disk environments that are expected for each burst mechanism. Results. We found that the circumstellar disks featuring accretion bursts can b…
We investigate sustenance and dependence on magnetic Prandtl number (${\rm Pm}$) for magnetorotational instability (MRI)-driven turbulence in astrophysical Keplerian disks with zero net magnetic flux using standard shearing box simulations. We focus on the turbulence dynamics in Fourier space, capturing specific/noncanonical anisotropy of nonlinear processes due to disk flow shear. This is a new type of nonlinear redistribution of modes over wavevector orientations in Fourier space -- the nonlinear transverse cascade -- which is generic to shear flows and fundamentally different from usual dir…
The Magnetorotational Instability (MRI) has long been considered a plausibly ubiquitous mechanism to destabilize otherwise stable Keplerian flows to support radially outward transport of angular momentum. Such an efficient transport process would allow fast accretion in astrophysical objects such as stars and black holes to release copious kinetic energy that powers many of the most luminous sources in the universe. But the standard MRI under a purely vertical magnetic field has heretofore never been directly measured despite numerous efforts over more than a decade. Here we report an unambigu…
We conduct a linear analysis of axisymmetric magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a magnetized cylindrical Taylor-Couette (TC) flow for its standard version (SMRI) with a purely axial background magnetic field and two further types -- helically modified SMRI (H-SMRI) and helical MRI (HMRI) -- in the presence of combined axial and azimuthal magnetic fields. This study is intended as preparatory for upcoming large-scale liquid sodium MRI experiments planned within the DRESDYN project at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, so we explore these instability types for typical values of the main p…
We aim to improve our knowledge on the structure and dynamics of the circumstellar disk of the LMC B[e] supergiant LHA 120-S 73. High-resolution optical and near-IR spectroscopic data were obtained over a period of 16 and 7 years, respectively. The spectra cover the diagnostic emission lines from [CaII] and [OI], as well as the CO bands. These features trace the disk at different distances from the star. We analyzed the kinematics of the individual emission regions by modeling their emission profiles. A low-resolution mid-infrared spectrum was obtained as well, which provides information on th…
