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arXiv 1003.2463astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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大质量恒星形成区天鹅座OB2。II。综合恒星性质和恒星形成历史

The Massive Star Forming Region Cygnus OB2. II. Integrated Stellar Properties and the Star Formation History

Nicholas J. Wright, Jeremy J. Drake, Janet E. Drew, Jorick S. Vink

摘要:

天鹅座OB 2是最接近大质量恒星形成区的例子,包含超过50颗O型恒星和数百颗B型恒星。利用最近公布的钱德拉X射线点源深星表,结合互补光学和近红外测光,分析了天鹅座OB 2中两个区域的年轻恒星的性质。我们的样本完整到1 Msun(不包括不发射X射线的A型和B型恒星),这是迄今为止对天鹅座OB 2恒星性质和恒星形成历史的最深入研究。根据Siess等人(2000年)的等时线与近红外色星等图的拟合,我们得出这两个区域的源的年龄分别为3.5(+0.75/-1.0)和5.25(+1.5/-1.0)百万年,这两个区域的等时线都与MS前的等时线有相当大的差距。一个比现在的O-型恒星稍老的恒星星族的存在,也符合我们发现的具有内部周星盘的源的低比例(通过K-波段过量追踪),这是非常低的,但对于年龄约为500万年的恒星族来说是合适的。我们还发现,该地区缺乏一个人口的高度嵌入源,经常观察到在年轻的恒星形成区,这表明在附近的恒星形成已经下降。我们在这个极限下测量了恒星质量函数,发现Gamma = -1.09 +/- 0.13的幂律斜率,与Kroupa(2002)估计的全球平均值非常一致。在更高的质量下,观测到斜率变陡,并认为这是由于上一代恒星的存在,这些恒星已经失去了它们最大的质量。最后,结合我们的质量函数和对星协径向密度分布的估计,表明Cyg OB 2的总质量约为3 x 10^4 Msun,与我们银河系许多质量最大的恒星形成区相似。

英文摘要:

Cygnus OB2 is the nearest example of a massive star forming region, containing over 50 O-type stars and hundreds of B-type stars. We have analysed the properties of young stars in two fields in Cyg OB2 using the recently published deep catalogue of Chandra X-ray point sources with complementary optical and near-IR photometry. Our sample is complete to 1 Msun (excluding A and B-type stars that do not emit X-rays), making this the deepest study of the stellar properties and star formation history in Cyg OB2 to date. From Siess et al. (2000) isochrone fits to the near-IR color-magnitude diagram, we derive ages of 3.5 (+0.75/-1.0) and 5.25 (+1.5/-1.0) Myrs for sources in the two fields, both with considerable spreads around the pre-MS isochrones. The presence of a stellar population somewhat older than the present-day O-type stars, also fits in with the low fraction of sources with inner circumstellar disks (as traced by the K-band excess) that we find to be very low, but appropriate for a population of age ~5 Myrs. We also find that the region lacks a population of highly embedded sources that is often observed in young star forming regions, suggesting star formation in the vicinity has declined. We measure the stellar mass functions in this limit and find a power-law slope of Gamma = -1.09 +/- 0.13, in good agreement with the global mean value estimated by Kroupa (2002). A steepening of the slope at higher masses is observed and suggested as due to the presence of the previous generation of stars that have lost their most massive members. Finally, combining our mass function and an estimate of the radial density profile of the association suggests a total mass of Cyg OB2 of ~3 x 10^4 Msun, similar to that of many of our Galaxy's most massive star forming regions.

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