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arXiv 0904.4515astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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根据分级引力碎裂的高质量和低质量恒星形成区。局部恒星形成率高,全球效率低

High- and Low-Mass Star Forming Regions from Hierarchical Gravitational Fragmentation. High local Star Formation Rates with Low Global Efficiencies

Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni, Gilberto C. Gomez, A. Katharina Jappsen, Javier Ballesteros-Paredes, Ralf S. Klessen

摘要:

我们调查的“恒星形成区”的性质在以前发表的数值模拟的分子云形成的压缩运动在温暖的中性原子星际介质,忽略磁场和恒星反馈。在这个模拟中,所有尺度的速度分散主要是由下落运动引起的,而不是由随机湍流引起的。我们研究的性质(密度,总气体+恒星质量,恒星质量,速度色散,恒星形成率)的云托管的第一个本地的,孤立的“恒星形成”的模拟事件,并将它们与后来的中央,全球崩溃事件形成的云。我们认为,小规模的,孤立的崩溃可能是低到中等质量的恒星形成区的代表,而大规模的,大质量的可能是大质量的恒星形成区的代表。我们还发现,致密的核心的大规模崩溃的区域中的物理性质的统计分布比较非常好,从最近的调查中的大质量恒星形成区域的天鹅座X分子云。高质量SF团簇的每自由落体时间的恒星形成效率(SFE_ff)较低,约为0.04。这是因为团块以高速率增加质量,而不是因为其特定的SFR(SSFR)低。这意味着SFE_ff的低值不一定意味着低SSFR,而是可能指示大的气体吸积速率。我们建议,全球低SSFR在GMC水平可以达到即使当地的恒星形成网站有更大的值的SSFR,如果恒星形成是一个空间上的间歇性过程,使大部分的质量在GMC不参与SF过程在任何给定的时间。

英文摘要:

We investigate the properties of "star forming regions" in a previously published numerical simulation of molecular cloud formation out of compressive motions in the warm neutral atomic interstellar medium, neglecting magnetic fields and stellar feedback. In this simulation, the velocity dispersions at all scales are caused primarily by infall motions rather than by random turbulence. We study the properties (density, total gas+stars mass, stellar mass, velocity dispersion, and star formation rate) of the cloud hosting the first local, isolated "star formation" event in the simulation and compare them with those of the cloud formed by a later central, global collapse event. We suggest that the small-scale, isolated collapse may be representative of low- to intermediate-mass star-forming regions, while the large-scale, massive one may be representative of massive star forming regions. We also find that the statistical distributions of physical properties of the dense cores in the region of massive collapse compare very well with those from a recent survey of the massive star forming region in the Cygnus X molecular cloud. The star formation efficiency per free-fall time (SFE_ff) of the high-mass SF clump is low, ~0.04. This occurs because the clump is accreting mass at a high rate, not because its specific SFR (SSFR) is low. This implies that a low value of the SFE_ff does not necessarily imply a low SSFR, but may rather indicate a large gas accretion rate. We suggest that a globally low SSFR at the GMC level can be attained even if local star forming sites have much larger values of the SSFR if star formation is a spatially intermittent process, so that most of the mass in a GMC is not participating of the SF process at any given time.

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