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arXiv 1003.0631cond-mat.stat-mech
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在正则统计系综中可以测量负的specific heat吗?

Can one measure negative specific heat in the canonical statistical ensemble?

F. Staniscia, A. Turchi, D. Fanelli, P. H. Chavanis, G. De Ninno

摘要:

根据热力学,玻尔兹曼短程相互作用系统的比热是一个正的量。不太直观的特性反而由以长程相互作用为特征的系统显示出来。在这种情况下,比热的符号取决于所考虑的统计系综:负比热可以在孤立系中找到,这是在微正则系综的框架下研究的;另一方面,人们普遍认为,正比热应该总是在与热浴接触的系统中测量,正则系综是合适的。我们证明,后者的假设一般是不正确的:原则上可以测量负比热也在正则系综,如果系统的审查是非玻尔兹曼和/或平衡。

英文摘要:

According to thermodynamics, the specific heat of Boltzmannian short-range interacting systems is a positive quantity. Less intuitive properties are instead displayed by systems characterized by long-range interactions. In that case, the sign of specific heat depends on the considered statistical ensemble: negative specific heat can be found in isolated systems, which are studied in the framework of the microcanonical ensemble; on the other hand, it is generally recognized that a positive specific heat should always be measured in systems in contact with a thermal bath, for which the canonical ensemble is the appropriate one. We demonstrate that the latter assumption is not generally true: one can in principle measure negative specific heat also in the canonical ensemble if the system under scrutiny is non-Boltzmannian and/or out-of-equilibrium.

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