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arXiv 1002.4881astro-ph.CO
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各向异性星系外流和星系际介质的富集。II。数值模拟

Anisotropic Galactic Outflows and Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium. II. Numerical Simulations

Steeve Pinsonneault, Hugo Martel, Matthew M. Pieri

摘要:

我们结合各向异性流出和星系形成的解析模型与大尺度结构和晕形成的数值模拟来研究星系流出对IGM演化的影响。我们模拟了LCDM宇宙中一个共动体积(15 Mpc)^[3]的演化。我们遵循20000-60000星系的形成,并模拟这些星系产生的星系外流,为五个流出开口角,α =60,90,120,150和180度(各向同性流出)。各向异性的外流遵循阻力最小的路径,因此优先进入低密度区域,远离星系形成的宇宙结构。这些各向异性的外流不太可能彼此重叠,或者撞击前星系坍缩的晕并剥离它们的气体,从而阻止星系形成。从180度到60度,实际形成的星系数量翻了一番,产生了两倍的流出,这些流出在较小程度上重叠。因此,IGM的金属体积填充因子从各向同性流出的8%上升到各向异性流出的28%。高密度区域比低密度区域更有效地富集(体积比约为80%比约为20%),即使大多数富集区域是低密度的。增加流出物的各向异性增加了在所有密度(低密度和高密度)下的富集程度。这部分是因为各向异性流出更多。当这种效应是factored了,我们发现,一个星系的概率将丰富系统的密度高达10 rho_mean是越来越各向异性流出。这是IGM动态演化的结果。各向异性的流出物优先膨胀到密度不足的气体中,但该气体随后可以聚集到密度过高的结构上。

英文摘要:

We combine an analytic model for anisotropic outflows and galaxy formation with numerical simulations of large-scale structure and halo formation to study the impact of galactic outflows on the evolution of the IGM. We have simulated the evolution of a comoving volume (15 Mpc)^3 in the LCDM universe. We follow the formation of 20000-60000 galaxies and simulate the galactic outflows produced by these galaxies, for five outflow opening angles, alpha=60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 degrees (isotropic outflows). Anisotropic outflows follow the path of least resistance and thus travel preferentially into low-density regions, away from cosmological structures where galaxies form. These anisotropic outflows are less likely to overlap with one another, or to hit pre-galactic collapsing halos and strip them of their gas, preventing a galaxy from forming. Going from 180 deg to 60 deg, the number of galaxies that actually form doubles, producing twice as many outflows, and these outflows overlap to a lesser extent. As a result, the metal volume filling factor of the IGM goes from 8% for isotropic outflows up to 28% for anisotropic ones. High density regions are more efficiently enriched than low density ones (~80% compared to ~20% by volume), even though most enriched regions are low densities. Increasing the anisotropy of outflows increases the extent of enrichment at all densities, low and high. This is in part because anisotropic outflows are more numerous. When this effect is factored-out, we find that the probability a galaxy will enrich systems at densities up to 10 rho_mean is higher for increasingly anisotropic outflows. This is an effect of the dynamical evolution of the IGM. Anisotropic outflows expand preferentially into underdense gas, but that gas can later accrete onto overdense structures.

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