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arXiv 1002.3775astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HE
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一种新的干涉射电天线阵时间校准方法

New method for the time calibration of an interferometric radio antenna array

F. G. Schröder, T. Asch, L. Bähren, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, H. Falcke, A. Haungs, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, O. Krömer, S. Nehls

摘要:

数字无线电天线阵,如LOPES(LOFAR PrototypE Station),通过大气广泛的空气簇射的无线电发射来探测高能宇宙射线。LOPES是放置在德国卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院的KASCADE-Grande实验中的偶极天线阵列。天线被数字化组合,通过形成进入空气簇射到达方向的波束来构建无线电干涉仪,这允许即使在单个天线中的低信噪比下也进行测量。该技术需要精确的时间校准。几个校准步骤的组合用于实现约1 ns的必要授时精度。测量设置的群延迟,在随后的数据分析中校正这些延迟(色散)的频率依赖性,并监测延迟随时间的变化。我们使用一个发射参考天线,一个信标,它以已知的频率连续发射正弦波。通过测量信标频率处的相位,可以在每个记录的事件处检测和校正天线之间的相对延迟的变化。

英文摘要:

Digital radio antenna arrays, like LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station), detect high-energy cosmic rays via the radio emission from atmospheric extensive air showers. LOPES is an array of dipole antennas placed within and triggered by the KASCADE-Grande experiment on site of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. The antennas are digitally combined to build a radio interferometer by forming a beam into the air shower arrival direction which allows measurements even at low signal-to-noise ratios in individual antennas. This technique requires a precise time calibration. A combination of several calibration steps is used to achieve the necessary timing accuracy of about 1 ns. The group delays of the setup are measured, the frequency dependence of these delays (dispersion) is corrected in the subsequent data analysis, and variations of the delays with time are monitored. We use a transmitting reference antenna, a beacon, which continuously emits sine waves at known frequencies. Variations of the relative delays between the antennas can be detected and corrected for at each recorded event by measuring the phases at the beacon frequencies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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