解区间被认为是有害的：关于无线电干涉增益解的最佳性
Solution intervals considered harmful: on the optimality of radio interferometric gain solutions
摘要：
在无线电干涉仪增益校准过程中，解区间通常用于提高信噪比。这项工作调查如何因素，如噪声水平，固有增益的变化，模型的不完整性程度，以及存在的射频干扰影响校准的解决方案间隔的选择。我们进行不同的干涉模拟，以展示这些因素，结合解决方案的间隔的选择，影响校准和成像输出，并讨论选择最佳的解决方案的间隔的实际指导方针。此外，我们提出了一种能够在校准过程中自动选择合适的解决方案间隔的算法。通过将该算法应用于模拟和真实数据，我们表明，它可以成功地选择解决方案的间隔，只要数据不是太不均匀的标记之间取得了良好的平衡捕获固有增益的变化性和不拟合噪声。此外，我们阐述了几个实际的方面，强调需要开发正规化的校准算法，不需要解决方案的间隔。
英文摘要：
Solution intervals are often used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during radio interferometric gain calibration. This work investigates how factors such as the noise level, intrinsic gain variability, degree of model incompleteness, and the presence of radio frequency interference impact the selection of solution intervals for calibration. We perform different interferometric simulations to demonstrate how these factors, in combination with the choice of solution intervals, affect calibration and imaging outputs and discuss practical guidelines for choosing optimal solution intervals. Furthermore, we present an algorithm capable of automatically selecting suitable solution intervals during calibration. By applying the algorithm to both simulated and real data, we show that it can successfully choose solution intervals that strike a good balance between capturing intrinsic gain variability and not fitting noise as long as the data are not too inhomogeneously flagged. Furthermore, we elaborate on several practical aspects that emphasize the need to develop regularised calibration algorithms that do not require solution intervals.
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