We present several methods of counting the orbifolds C^D/Gamma. A correspondence between counting orbifold actions on C^D, brane tilings, and toric diagrams in D-1 dimensions is drawn. Barycentric coordinates and scaling mechanisms are introduced to characterize lattice simplices as toric diagrams. We count orbifolds of C^3, C^4, C^5, C^6 and C^7. Some remarks are made on closed form formulas for the partition function that counts distinct orbifold actions.
We introduce Orbifold Reduction, a new method for generating $2d$ $(0,2)$ gauge theories associated to D1-branes probing singular toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds starting from $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories on D3-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The new procedure generalizes dimensional reduction and orbifolding. In terms of T-dual configurations, it generates brane brick models starting from brane tilings. Orbifold reduction provides an agile approach for generating $2d$ $(0,2)$ theories with a brane realization. We present three practical applications of the new algorithm: the connecti…
We thoroughly analyze the number of independent zero modes and their zero points on the toroidal orbifold $T^2/\mathbb{Z}_N$ ($N = 2, 3, 4, 6$) with magnetic flux background, inspired by the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. We first show a complete list for the number $n_η$ of orbifold zero modes belonging to $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ eigenvalue $η$. Since it turns out that $n_η$ quite complicatedly depends on the flux quanta $M$, the Scherk-Schwarz twist phase $(α_1, α_2)$, and the $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ eigenvalue $η$, it seems hard that $n_η$ can be universally explained in a simple formula. We, however, succ…
We describe a class of compact $G_2$ orbifolds constructed from non-symplectic involutions of K3 surfaces. Within this class, we identify a model for which there are infinitely many associative submanifolds contributing to the effective superpotential of M-theory compactifications. Under a chain of dualities, these can be mapped to F-theory on a Calabi-Yau fourfold, and we find that they are dual to an example studied by Donagi, Grassi and Witten. Finally, we give two different descriptions of our main example and the associative submanifolds as a twisted connected sum.
We study BPS spectra of D-branes on local Calabi-Yau threefolds $\mathcal{O}(-p)\oplus\mathcal{O}(p-2)\to \mathbb{P}^1$ with $p=0,1$, corresponding to $\mathbb{C}^3/\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ and the resolved conifold. Nonabelianization for exponential networks is applied to compute directly unframed BPS indices counting states with D2 and D0 brane charges. Known results on these BPS spectra are correctly reproduced by computing new types of BPS invariants of 3d-5d BPS states, encoded by nonabelianization, through their wall-crossing. We also develop the notion of exponential BPS graphs for the simplest …
We study BPS states of 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills theory on $S^1\times \mathbb{R}^4$. Geometric engineering relates these to enumerative invariants for the local Hirzebruch surface $\mathbb{F}_0$. We illustrate computations of Vafa-Witten invariants via exponential networks, verifying fiber-base symmetry of the spectrum at certain points in moduli space, and matching with mirror descriptions based on quivers and exceptional collections. Albeit infinite, parts of the spectrum organize in families described by simple algebraic equations. Varying the radius of the M-theory circle inter…
