Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $S$ a semigroup. Our goal is to discuss zero-divisors of the semigroup module $M[S]$. Particularly we show that if $M$ is an $R$-module and $S$ a commutative, cancellative and torsion-free monoid, then the $R[S]$-module $M[S]$ has few zero-divisors of degree $n$ if and only if the $R$-module $M$ has few zero-divisors of degree $n$ and Property (A).
A numerical semigroup $S$ is an additive subsemigroup of the non-negative integers with finite complement, and the squarefree divisor complex of an element $m \in S$ is a simplicial complex $Δ_m$ that arises in the study of multigraded Betti numbers. We compute squarefree divisor complexes for certain classes numerical semigroups, and exhibit a new family of simplicial complexes that are occur as the squarefree divisor complex of some numerical semigroup element.
We find strong relationships between the zero-divisor graphs of apparently disparate kinds of nilpotent-free semigroups by introducing the notion of an \emph{Armendariz map} between such semigroups, which preserves many graph-theoretic invariants. We use it to give relationships between the zero-divisor graph of a ring, a polynomial ring, and the annihilating-ideal graph. Then we give relationships between the zero-divisor graphs of certain topological spaces (so-called pearled spaces), prime spectra, maximal spectra, tensor-product semigroups, and the semigroup of ideals under addition, obtai…
For a commutative semigroup $S$ with 0, the zero-divisor graph of $S$ denoted by $Γ(S)$ is the graph whose vertices are nonzero zero-divisor of $S$, and two vertices $x$, $y$ are adjacent in case $xy=0$ in $S$. In this paper we study the case where the graph $Γ(S)$ is complete $r$-partite for a positive integer $r$. Also we study the commutative semigroups which are finitely colorable.
If the inverse of a nonsingular polynomial matrix $L$ has a polynomial part then one can associate with $L$ a module over the ring of proper rational functions, which is related to the structure of $L$ at infinity. In this paper we characterize homomorphisms of such modules.
Among the finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring R, the semidualizing modules have been singled out due to their particularly nice duality properties. When R is a normal domain, we exhibit a natural inclusion of the set of isomorphism classes of semidualizing R-modules into the divisor class group of R. After a description of the basic properties of this inclusion, it is employed to investigate the structure of the set of isomorphism classes of semidualizing R-modules. In particular, this set is described completely for determinantal rings over normal domains.
Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $c$ the function from $M$ to the ideals of $R$ defined by $c(x) = \cap \lbrace I \colon I \text{is an ideal of} R \text{and} x \in IM \rbrace $. $M$ is said to be a content $R$-module if $x \in c(x)M $, for all $x \in M$. $B$ is called a content $R$-algebra, if it is a faithfully flat and content $R$-module and it satisfies the Dedekind-Mertens content formula. In this article, we prove some new results for content modules and algebras by using ideal theoretic methods.
For a semidualizing module $C$ over a ring $R$, we study the following classes modulo exact zero divisors: $\g_C$--projectives, $\mathcal G_C$; the Auslander class $\mathcal A_C$; the Bass class $\mathcal B_C$; $\mathcal{P}_C$--projective; $ {\mathcal F}_C$--projective; and ${\mathcal I}_C$--injective dimensions.
This dissertation focuses on the following topics: (1) asymptotic prime divisors over complete intersection rings, (2) asymptotic stability of complexities over complete intersection rings, (3) asymptotic linear bounds of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity in multigraded modules, and (4) characterizations of regular local rings via syzygy modules of the residue field.
Let A be a local ring which admits an exact pair x,y of zero divisors as defined by Henriques and Sega. Assuming that this pair is regular and that there exists a regular element on the A-module A/(x,y), we explicitly construct an infinite family of non-isomorphic indecomposable totally reflexive A-modules. In this setting, our construction provides an answer to a question raised by Christensen, Piepmeyer, Striuli, and Takahashi. Furthermore, we compute the module of homomorphisms between any two given modules from the infinite family mentioned above.
The relationship between ${\cal D}$-modules and free divisors has been studied in a general setting by L. Narváez and F.J. Calderón. Using the ideas of these works we prove in this article a duality formula between two ${\cal D}$-modules associated to a class of free divisors on ${\bf C}^n$ and we give some applications
We shall describe the divisor class group and the graded canonical module of the multi-section ring for a normal projective variety X and Weil divisors D_1,..., D_s on X under a mild condition. In the proof, we use the theory of Krull domain and the equivariant twisted inverse functor due to Hashimoto.
Let $C \subset {\bf N}^d$ be an affine semigroup, and $R=K[C]$ its semigroup ring. This paper is a collection of various results on "$C$-graded" $R$-modules, especially, monomial ideals. For example, we show the following: If $R$ is normal and $I$ is a radical monomial ideal (i.e., $R/I$ is a generalization of Stanley-Reisner rings), then the sequentially Cohen-Macaulay property of $R/I$ is a topological property of the "geometric realization" of the cell complex associated with $I$. Moreover, we can give a squarefree modules/constructible sheaves version of this result.
We give a combinatorial description of local cohomology modules of a graded module over a semigroup ring, with support at the graded maximal ideal. This combinatorial framework yields Hochster-type formulas for the Hilbert series of such local cohomology modules in terms of the homology of finitely many polyhedral cell complexes. A Cohen--Macaulay criterion immediately follows. We also provide an alternative proof of a result of [18] characterizing Cohen--Macaulay affine semigroup rings.
We study the Cox realization of an affine variety, i.e., a canonical representation of a normal affine variety with finitely generated divisor class group as a quotient of a factorially graded affine variety by an action of the Neron-Severi quasitorus. The realization is described explicitly for the quotient space of a linear action of a finite group. A universal property of this realization is proved, and some results on the divisor theory of an abstract semigroup emerging in this context are given. We show that each automorphism of an affine variety can be lifted to an automorphism of the Co…
In this work we describe the local cohomology of reflexive modules of rank one over normal semigroup rings with respect to monomial ideals. Using our description we show that the problem of classifying maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules of rank one can be rephrased in terms of finding integral solutions to certain sets of linear inequalities.
In this paper we work with several divisors of a module $E \subseteq G \simeq R^{e}$ having rank $e$, such as the classical Fitting ideals of $E$ and of $G/E$, and the more recently introduced (generic) Bourbaki ideals $I(E)$ (A. Simis, B. Ulrich, and W. Vasconcelos [18]) or ideal norms $[[E]]_R$ (O. Villamayor [22]). We found several relations and equalities among them which allow to describe in some cases universal properties with respect to $E$ of their blow ups. As a byproduct we are also able to obtain lower bounds for the analytic spread $\ell(\bigwedge^{e}E)$ related with the algebraic …
We study the homological behavior of modules over local rings modulo exact zero-divisors. We obtain new results which are in some sense "opposite" to those known for modules over local rings modulo regular elements.
Let $H$ be a commutative semigroup with unit element such that every non-unit can be written as a finite product of irreducible elements (atoms). For every $k \in \mathbb N$, let $\mathscr U_k (H)$ denote the set of all $\ell \in \mathbb N$ with the property that there are atoms $u_1, \ldots, u_k, v_1, \ldots, v_{\ell}$ such that $u_1 \cdot \ldots \cdot u_k = v_1 \cdot \ldots \cdot v_{\ell}$ (thus, $\mathscr U_k (H)$ is the union of all sets of lengths containing $k$). The Structure Theorem for Unions states that, for all sufficiently large $k$, the sets $\mathscr U_k (H)$ are almost arithmeti…
Let Q be an affine semigroup generating Z^d, and fix a finitely generated Z^d-graded module M over the semigroup algebra k[Q] for a field k. We provide an algorithm to compute a minimal Z^d-graded injective resolution of M up to any desired cohomological degree. As an application, we derive an algorithm computing the local cohomology modules H^i_I(M) supported on any monomial (that is, Z^d-graded) ideal I. Since these local cohomology modules are neither finitely generated nor finitely cogenerated, part of this task is defining a finite data structure to encode them.
Let R be a commutative Noetherian domain, and let M and N be finitely generated R-modules. We give new criteria for determining when M tensor N has torsion. We also give constructive formulas for producing a module in the isomorphism class of the torsion submodule of M tensor N. In some cases we determine bounds on the length and minimal number of generators of this module. We focus on the case where R is a numerical semigroup ring with the goal of making progress on the Huneke-Wiegand Conjecture.
Let $R$ be a ring and let $\mathcal C$ be a small class of right $R$-modules which is closed under finite direct sums, direct summands, and isomorphisms. Let $\mathcal V (\mathcal C)$ denote a set of representatives of isomorphism classes in $\mathcal C$ and, for any module $M$ in $\mathcal C$, let $[M]$ denote the unique element in $\mathcal V (\mathcal C)$ isomorphic to $M$. Then $\mathcal V (\mathcal C)$ is a reduced commutative semigroup with operation defined by $[M] + [N] = [M \oplus N]$, and this semigroup carries all information about direct-sum decompositions of modules in $\mathcal C…
We address two aspects of finitely generated modules of finite projective dimension over local rings and their connection in between: embeddability and grade of order ideals of minimal generators of syzygies. We provide a solution of the embeddability problem and prove important reductions and special cases of the order ideal conjecture. In particular we derive that in any local ring R of mixed characteristic p > 0, where p is a non-zero-divisor, if I is an ideal of finite projective dimension over R and p is in I or p is a non-zero-divisor on R/I, then every minimal generator of I is a non-ze…
Given a module M over a ring R which has a grading by a semigroup Q, we present a spectral sequence that computes the local cohomology of M at any Q-graded ideal I in terms of Ext modules. This method is used to obtain finiteness results for the local cohomology of graded modules over semigroup rings; in particular we prove that for a semigroup Q whose saturation is simplicial, the Bass numbers of such local cohomology modules are finite. Conversely, if the saturation of Q is not simplicial, one can find a graded ideal I and a graded R-module M whose local cohomology at I in some degree has an…
Divisors whose Jacobian ideal is of linear type have received a lot of attention recently because of its connections with the theory of D-modules. In this work we are interested on divisors of expected Jacobian type, that is, divisors whose gradient ideal is of linear type and the relation type of its Jacobian ideal coincides with the reduction number with respect to the gradient ideal plus one. We provide conditions in order to be able to describe precisely the equations of the Rees algebra of the Jacobian ideal. We also relate the relation type of the Jacobian ideal to some D-module theoreti…
Let $A$ be a Noetherian ring, $J\subseteq A$ an ideal and $C$ a finitely generated $A$-module. In this note we would like to prove the following statement. Let $\{I_n\}_{n\geq 0}$ be a collection of ideals satisfying : (i) $I_n\supseteq J^n$, for all $n$, (ii) $J^s\cdot I_s \subseteq I_{r+s}$, for all $r,s\geq 0$ and (iii) $I_n\subseteq I_m$, whenever $m\leq n$. Then $\Ass_A(I_nC/J^nC)$ is independent of $n$, for $n$ sufficiently large. Note that the set of prime ideals $\cup_{n\geq 1} \Ass_A(I_nC/J^nC)$ is finite, so the issue at hand is the realization that the primes in $\Ass_A(I_nC/J^nC)$ …
The trace of the canonical module of a Cohen-Macaulay ring describes its non-Gorenstein locus. We study the trace of the canonical module of a Segre product of algebras, and we apply our results to compute the non-Gorenstein locus of toric rings. We provide several sufficient and necessary conditions for Hibi rings and normal semigroup rings to be Gorenstein on the punctured spectrum.
Let S be a commutative ring, x, y $\in$ S a pair of exact zero divisors, and R = S/(x). Let F be a complex of free R-modules. In this paper we explicitly compute cohomological operators of R over S by constructing endomorphisms of F. We consider some properties of these cohomological operators, as well as provide an example in which these cohomological operators act non-trivially.
We study one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay rings whose trace ideal of the canonical module is as small as possible. In this paper we call such rings far-flung Gorenstein rings. We investigate far-flung Gorenstein rings in relation with the endomorphism algebras of the maximal ideals and numerical semigroup rings. We show that the solution of the Rohrbach problem in additive number theory provides an upper bound for the multiplicity of far-flung Gorenstein numerical semigroup rings. Reflexive modules over far-flung Gorenstein rings are also studied.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of Auslander modules, inspired from Auslander's zero-divisor conjecture (theorem) and give some interesting results for these modules. We also investigate torsion-free modules.
Let E and G be free modules of rank e and g, respectively, over a commutative noetherian ring R. The identity map on E^* tensor G induces the Koszul complex ... -> S_mE^* tensor S_nG tensor Wedge^p(E^* tensor G) -> S_{m+1}E^* tensor S_{n+1}G tensor Wedge^{p-1}(E^* tensor G) -> ... and its dual ... -> D_{m+1}E tensor D_{n+1}G^* tensor Wedge^{p-1}(E tensor G^*) -> D_mE tensor D_nG^* tensor Wedge^p(E tensor G^*)-> ... Let H_{m,n,p} be the homology of the top complex at S_m tensor S_n tensor Wedge^p and H^{m,n,p} the homology of the bottom complex at D_m tensor D_n tensor Wedge^p. It is known that…
Let $A$ be the homogeneous coordinate ring of a rational normal scroll. The ring $A$ is equal to the quotient of a polynomial ring $S$ by the ideal generated by the two by two minors of a scroll matrix $ψ$ with two rows and $\ell$ catalecticant blocks. The class group of $A$ is cyclic, and is infinite provided $\ell$ is at least two. One generator of the class group is $[J]$, where $J$ is the ideal of $A$ generated by the entries of the first column of $ψ$. The positive powers of $J$ are well-understood, in the sense that the $n^{\text{th}}$ ordinary power, the $n^{th}$ symmetric power, and th…
Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring. The $n$-semidualizing modules of $R$ are generalizations of its semidualizing modules. We will prove some basic properties of $n$-semidualizing modules. Our main result and example shows that the divisor class group of a Gorenstein determinantal ring over a field is the set of isomorphism classes of its 1-semidualizing modules. Finally, we pose some questions about $n$-semidualizing modules.
In this paper we consider an effective divisor on the complex projective line and associate with it the module D consisting of all the derivations $θ$ such that $θ(I_i)\subset I_i^{m_i}$ for every $i$, where $I_i$ is the ideal of $p_i$. The module D is graded and free of rank 2; the degrees of its homogeneous basis, called the exponents, form an important invariant of the divisor. We prove that under certain conditions on $(m_i)$ the exponents do not depend on $\{p_i\}$. Our main result asserts that if these conditions do not hold for $(m_i)$ then there exists a general position of $n$ points …
Let (R;m) be a numerical semigroup ring. In this paper we study the properties of its associated graded ring G(m). In particular, we describe the H^0_M for G(m) (where M is the homogeneous maximal ideal of G(m)) and we characterize when G(m) is Buchsbaum. Furthermore, we find the length of H^0_M as a G(m)-module, when G(m) is Buchsbaum. In the 3-generated numerical semigroup case, we describe the H^0_M in term of the Apery set of the numerical semigroup associated to R. Finally, we improve two characterizations of the Cohen-Macaulayness and Gorensteinness of G(m) given in [2] and [3], respecti…
Let $H\subseteq \mathbb{N}^d$ be a normal affine semigroup, $R=K[H]$ its semigroup ring over the field $K$ and $ω_R$ its canonical module. The Ulrich elements for $H$ are those $h$ in $H$ such that for the multiplication map by $\mathbf{x}^h$ from $R$ into $ω_R$, the cokernel is an Ulrich module. We say that the ring $R$ is almost Gorenstein if Ulrich elements exist in $H$. For the class of slim semigroups that we introduce, we provide an algebraic criterion for testing the Ulrich propery. When $d=2$, all normal affine semigroups are slim. Here we have a simpler combinatorial description of th…
Let $D$ be a divisor in ${\bf C}^n$. We present methods to compare the ${\mathcal D}$-module of the meromorphic functions ${\mathcal O}[* D]$ to some natural approximations. We show how the analytic case can be treated with computations in the Weyl algebra.
In this paper we characterize the value set $Δ$ of the $R$-modules of the form $R+zR$ for the local ring $R$ associated to a germ $ξ$ of an irreducible plane curve singularity with one Puiseux pair. In the particular case of the module of Kähler differentials attached to $ξ$, we recover some results of Delorme. From our characterization of $Δ$ we introduce a proper subset of semimodules over the value semigroup of the ring $R$. Moreover, we provide a geometric algorithm to construct all possible semimodules in this subset for a given value semigroup.