Entangled coherent states can be prepared remotely by subtracting non-locally a single photon from two quantum superpositions of coherent states, the so-called "Schroedinger's cat" state. Such entanglement can further be distributed over longer distances by successive entanglement swapping operations using linear optics and photon-number resolving detectors. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of this approach to quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communications. Despite many attractive features at first sight, we show that, when using state-of-the-art photon counters and quantum memories, they do not achieve higher entanglement generation rates than repeaters based on single-photon entanglement. We discuss potential developments which may take better advantage of the richness of entanglement based on continuous variables, including in particular efficient parity measurements.
We extend the relation between absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states and quantum maximum distance separable (QMDS) codes by constructing whole families of QMDS codes from their parent AME states. We introduce a reduction-friendly form for the generator set of the stabilizer representation of an AME state, from which the stabilizer form for children codes, all QMDS, can be obtained. We then relate this to optimal codes for one-way quantum repeaters, by minimizing the short-term infrastructure cost as well as the long-term running cost of such quantum repeaters. We establish that AME state…
Dynamical quantum repeater using cavity-QED and optical coherent states
在腔QED的框架下，我们提出了一个利用相干光和耦合到光学腔的原子的量子中继方案。与传统的方案相比，我们只利用腔QED演化的整个量子中继器计划，从而避免任何显式执行的量子逻辑门。中继节点之间的纠缠分配是通过每个中继节点中的相干光脉冲与原子-腔系统相互作用来实现的。在我们以前的论文[D. Gonta和P. van Loock，Phys.Rev.A86，052312（2012）]，我们已经提出了一种使用耦合到光学腔的原子链的演化来纯化二分纠缠态的动力学协议。在这里，我们将这个协议的一部分，在我们的中继器计划，结合它与纠缠分布和交换的动态版本。
The aim of this paper is to swap the entanglement between two separate long distant locations. The well-known entangled coherent states as two-mode continuous-variable states are very interesting in quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping processes. To make our investigation more realistic, by using such entangled states as the building block of our quantum repeater protocol, the effect of decoherence on the swapped entanglement is also considered. We explicitly establish our model for four locations, moreover, we find that our model can be extended to 2N locations, where N = 3; 4; ...…
Quantum repeater based on cavity-QED evolutions and coherent light
在腔QED的框架下，我们提出了一个利用相干光和耦合到光学腔的原子链的量子中继器方案。与传统的中继器方案相比，我们避免了使用两个量子比特的量子逻辑门，只利用腔QED的演变。在我们以前的论文[D. Gonta和P. van Loock：A 88，052308（2013）]，我们已经提出了一种量子中继器，其中使用输入相干光的受控位移来分布两个相邻中继器节点之间的纠缠，而使用辅助（四分）纠缠态来纯化所产生的低保真度纠缠对。本文利用一系列受控的输入相干光相移和位移实现了纠缠分配。与以前的基于相干态的两量子比特纠缠分配方案相比，本方案仅依赖于简单的区分两个符号相反的相干态，这可以通过分束器和两个开关检测器以量子力学最佳方式执行。纠缠纯化利用一个方案，避免使用辅助纠缠资源。我们的中继方案具有合理的重复率和中继速率，为长距离量子通信提供了一个有吸引力的平台。
In this paper we consider the quantum repeater protocol for distributing the entanglement to two distant three-level atoms. In this protocol, we insert six atoms between two target atoms such that the eight considered atoms are labeled by 1; 2;... 8, while only each two adjacent atoms (i; i + 1) with i = 1; 3; 5; 7 are entangled. Initially, the separable atomic pair states (1,4) and (5,8) become entangled by performing interaction between atoms (2,3) and (6,7) in two optomechanical cavities, respectively. Then, via performing appropriate interaction between atoms (4,5) in an optical cavity qua…
Distribution of the entangled state of trapped atomic ions to long distance using quantum repeater protocol is considered. Indeed, the long distance is divided into short parts, and then using entanglement generation and entanglement swapping techniques in optomechanical cavities, the entanglement is distributed. To do the task, we perform interaction between trapped atomic ions in optomechanical cavities, operate proper measurements on trapped ions and also make Bell state measurement as a well-known way to swap the entanglement. Accordingly, the entanglement is distributed between target ion…
We consider entangled state production utilizing a full optomechanical arrangement, based on which we create entanglement between two far three-level V-type atoms using a quantum repeater protocol. At first, we consider eight identical atoms (1; 2;...; 8), while adjacent pairs (i; i + 1) with i = 1; 3; 5; 7 have been prepared in entangled states and the atoms 1, 8 are the two target atoms. The three-level atoms (1,2,3,4) and (5,6,7,8) distinctly become entangled with the system including optical and mechanical modes by performing the interaction in optomechanical cavities between atoms (2,3) a…
Long-distance quantum communication requires quantum repeaters to overcome photon loss in optical fibers. Here we demonstrate a repeater node with two memory atoms in an optical cavity. Both atoms are individually and repeatedly entangled with photons that are distributed until each communication partner has independently received one of them. An atomic Bell-state measurement followed by classical communication serves to establish a key. We demonstrate scaling advantage of the key rate, increase the effective attenuation length by a factor of two, and beat the error-rate threshold of 11\% for …
Quantum repeaters have been proposed as a way of extending the reach of quantum communication. First generation approaches use entanglement swapping to connect entangled links along a long distance channel. Recently, there have been proposals for first generation quantum repeaters for continuous variables. In this paper, we present an improved continuous variable repeater scheme using optimal Gaussian entanglement swapping. Our scheme uses the noiseless linear amplifier for entanglement distillation. We show that with the simplest configuration of the noiseless linear amplifier and under the a…
The realization of a functional quantum repeater is one of the major research goals in long-distance quantum communication. Among the different approaches that are being followed, the one relying on quantum memories interfaced with deterministic quantum emitters is considered as among one of the most promising solutions. In this work, we focus on memory-based quantum-repeater schemes that rely on semiconductor quantum dots for the generation of polarization entangled photons. Going through the most relevant figures of merit related to efficiency of the photon source, we select significant deve…
Quantum repeaters are indispensable tools for long-distance quantum communication. However, frequency matching between entangled photon sources and remote quantum memories (QMs) is difficult, which is an obstacle to the implementation of quantum repeaters. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to achieve the coupling of a Pr:YSO as a fixed-time QM with a single telecommunication-wavelength photon through frequency stabilization using an optical frequency comb over all applied laser wavelengths. The demonstrated method can lead to the implementation of a quantum repeater scheme enabling an imp…
We formulate the problem of finding the optimal entanglement swapping scheme in a quantum repeater chain as a Markov decision process and present its solution for different repeater's sizes. Based on this, we are able to demonstrate that the commonly used "doubling" scheme for performing probabilistic entanglement swapping of probabilistically distributed entangled qubit pairs in quantum repeaters does not always produce the best possible raw rate. Focussing on this figure of merit, without considering additional probabilistic elements for error suppression such as entanglement distillation on…
Quantum Repeater Protocol using Quantum Error Correction for Distillation
Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学怀特光学科学学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学电气与计算机工程系）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校电气与计算机工程系）
The ability to transmit quantum states over long distances is a fundamental requirement of the quantum internet and is reliant upon quantum repeaters. Quantum repeaters involve entangled photon sources that emit and deliver photonic entangled states at high rates and quantum memories that can temporarily store quantum states. Improvement of the entanglement distribution rate is essential for quantum repeaters, and multiplexing is expected to be a breakthrough. However, limited studies exist on multiplexed photon sources and their coupling with a multiplexed quantum memory. Here, we demonstrate…
Inspired by recent developments in the control and manipulation of quantum dot nuclear spins, which allow for the transfer of an electron spin state to the surrounding nuclear-spin ensemble for storage, we propose a quantum repeater scheme that combines individual quantum dot electron spins and nuclear-spin ensembles, which serve as spin-photon interfaces and quantum memories respectively. We consider the use of low-strain quantum dots embedded in high-cooperativity optical microcavities. Quantum dot nuclear-spin ensembles allow for the long-term storage of entangled states, and heralded entan…
Quantum repeater segment with free-space coupled co-trapped ions using telecom photon interference
Universität des Saarlandes（萨尔兰大学）；Zentrum für Quantentechnologien (QuTe), Universität des Saarlandes（萨尔兰大学量子技术中心 (QuTe)）；Ruhr-Universität Bochum（波鸿鲁尔大学）
