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arXiv 0911.5641astro-ph.CO
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用演化的核星团遮蔽和喂养超大质量黑洞

Obscuring and feeding supermassive black holes with evolving nuclear star clusters

M. Schartmann, A. Burkert, M. Krause, M. Camenzind, K. Meisenheimer, R. I. Davies

摘要:

最近,在VLT的近红外自适应光学积分场摄谱仪SINFONI的帮助下进行的高分辨率观测证明,在塞弗特星系样本的中心存在大质量的年轻核星团。借助高分辨率的流体动力学模拟与PLUTO代码,我们遵循这样的集群的演变,特别是专注于年轻恒星的质量和能量反馈。这导致了大尺度(数十秒差距)的气体对流,而湍流和非常密集的圆盘在秒差距尺度上形成。在这里,我们集中在长期的演化的核盘在NGC 1068的有效的粘性盘模型的帮助下,使用大尺度模拟和占恒星形成的磁盘的质量输入。这两个阶段的建模使我们能够连接几十秒差距尺度的区域(可观察的SINFONI)与秒差距尺度的环境(可观测的观测)。在当前年龄的核星团,我们的模拟预测光盘大小的顺序为0.8至0.9 pc,气体质量为1.0e6 Msun和质量传递速率通过内边界的0.025 Msun/年,与来自观测值吻合得很好。

英文摘要:

Recently, high resolution observations with the help of the near-infrared adaptive optics integral field spectrograph SINFONI at the VLT proved the existence of massive and young nuclear star clusters in the centres of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. With the help of high resolution hydrodynamical simulations with the PLUTO-code, we follow the evolution of such clusters, especially focusing on mass and energy feedback from young stars. This leads to a filamentary inflow of gas on large scales (tens of parsec), whereas a turbulent and very dense disc builds up on the parsec scale. Here, we concentrate on the long-term evolution of the nuclear disc in NGC 1068 with the help of an effective viscous disc model, using the mass input from the large scale simulations and accounting for star formation in the disc. This two-stage modelling enables us to connect the tens of parsec scale region (observable with SINFONI) with the parsec scale environment (MIDI observations). At the current age of the nuclear star cluster, our simulations predict disc sizes of the order of 0.8 to 0.9 pc, gas masses of 1.0e6 Msun and mass transfer rates through the inner boundary of 0.025 Msun/yr in good agreement with values derived from observations.

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