Supermassive black hole (SMBH) feeding and feedback processes are often considered as disjoint and studied independently at different scales, both in observations and simulations. We encourage to adopt and unify three physically-motivated scales for feeding and feedback (micro - meso - macro ~ mpc - kpc - Mpc), linking them in a tight multiphase self-regulated loop. We pinpoint the key open questions related to this global SMBH unification problem, while advocating for the extension of novel mechanisms best observed in massive halos (such as chaotic cold accretion) down to low-mass systems. To solve such challenges, we provide a set of recommendations that promote a multiscale, multiwavelength, and interdisciplinary community.
BlackHoleWeather -- Chaotic cold accretion across the meso-scale: Morphology and thermodynamics
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；Universidad de Santiago de Chile（智利圣地亚哥大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台）；University of the Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学）；Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学）
We investigate the cold and warm gas content, kinematics, and spatial distribution of six local massive elliptical galaxies to probe the origin of the multiphase gas in their atmospheres. We report new observations, including SOFIA [CII], ALMA CO, MUSE H$α$+[NII] and VLA radio observations. These are complemented by a large suite of multiwavelength archival datasets, including thermodynamical properties of the hot gas and radio jets, which are leveraged to investigate the role of AGN feeding/feedback in regulating the multiphase gas content. Our galaxy sample shows a significant diversity in c…
BlackHoleWeather -- Spin-coupled chaotic cold accretion across the meso-scale: Morphology and thermodynamics
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；Universidad de Santiago de Chile（智利圣地亚哥大学）；CIRAS, Universidad de Santiago de Chile（智利圣地亚哥大学 CIRAS）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association（大学太空研究协会科学与理工学院）；INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Rome（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Department of Physics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”（罗马托尔维尔加塔大学物理系）
BlackHoleWeather -- Chaotic cold accretion across the meso-scale: Variability and kinematics
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；Universidad de Santiago de Chile（智利圣地亚哥大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台）；University of the Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学）；Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学）
We report on our combined analysis of HST, VLT/MUSE, VLT/SINFONI, and ALMA observations of the local Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5728 to investigate in detail the feeding and feedback of the AGN. The datasets simultaneously probe the morphology, excitation, and kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and molecular gas over a large range of spatial scales (10 pc--10 kpc). NGC 5728 contains a large stellar bar which is driving gas along prominent dust lanes to the inner 1 kpc where the gas settles into a circumnuclear ring. The ring is strongly star forming and contains a substantial population of young…
We present results from a comprehensive study of ultrafast outflows (UFOs) detected in a sample of fourteen quasars, twelve of which are gravitationally lensed, in a redshift range of 1.41-3.91, near the peak of the AGN and star formation activity. New XMM-Newton observations are presented for six of them which were selected to be lensed and contain a narrow absorption line (NAL) in their UV spectra. Another lensed quasar was added to the sample, albeit already studied, because it was not searched for UFOs. The remaining seven quasars of our sample are known to contain UFOs. The main goals of …
MICONIC: The multiphase circumnuclear region of Centaurus A as seen with JWST/MIRI MRS observations. I. Spectral inventory and properties of the warm molecular disk
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（索邦大学，法国国家科学研究中心，UMR 7095，巴黎天文台）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LUX（巴黎天文台，PSL大学，索邦大学，LUX）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CAB），西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universiteit Gent（根特大学物理与天文学系）；Telespazio UK for the European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲航天局（ESA）旗下泰雷兹阿莱尼亚太空英国分公司）；European Space Agency, c/o Space Telescope Science Institute（欧洲航天局，代管于太空望远镜科学研究所）
Feeding and feedback of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are critical for understanding the dynamics and thermodynamics of the intracluster medium (ICM) within the cores of galaxy clusters. While radio bubbles inflated by AGN jets could be dynamically supported by cosmic rays (CRs), the impact of CR-dominated jets are not well understood. In this work, we perform three-dimensional simulations of CR-jet feedback in an isolated cluster atmosphere; we find that CR jets impact the multiphase gas differently than jets dominated by kinetic energy. In particular, CR bubbles can more efficiently uplift th…
BlackHoleWeather -- Jet-regulated chaotic cold accretion across the meso scale: Morphology and thermodynamics
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；Universidad de Santiago de Chile（圣地亚哥智利大学）；CIRAS, Universidad de Santiago de Chile（圣地亚哥智利大学 CIRAS）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association（大学空间研究协会科学与技术学院）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Constraining AGN accretion physics with black hole mass-luminosity scaling relations
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；Dip. di Fisica, Informatica e Matematica, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia（摩德纳与雷焦艾米利亚大学物理、信息与数学系）；ASI – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana（意大利航天局）；Dipartimento di Fisica ”Enrico Fermi”, Universita’ di Pisa（比萨大学恩里科·费米物理系）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）
We aim to investigate the AGN/ICM interplay in ZwCl 235, a galaxy cluster with high X-ray flux, an extended central radio galaxy, and evidence of multi-phase gas at its center. Using archival data from the Chandra telescope, the VLASS survey, the LOTSS survey and the VLBA telescope, we perform a complete study of ZwCl 235, dissecting the dynamics of the ICM, the thermodynamic state of the central gas, and the properties of the BCG. By means of radial profiles and 2D spectral maps, we measure the temperature, entropy and cooling time of the ICM, and we compare the morphology of the central radi…
Black Hole-Galaxy Correlations in Cluster Zoomed-in Simulations: GIZMO-SIMBA and TNG-Cluster
Sun Yat-Sen University（中山大学）；Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Peking University（北京大学）
In the intracluster, intragroup, and circumgalactic medium (ICM, IGrM, CGM), turbulence plays a vital role in the self-regulated feedback and feeding cycle of central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here we continue our systematic dissection of the turbulent "weather" in high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of feedback driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN). In non-barotropic and stratified atmospheres, baroclinicity is expected to generate fresh turbulence via misaligned gradients of density and pressure - such as in cyclonic storms on Earth. In this work, we dissect for the first tim…
We present a new X-ray spectroscopic study of $22$ luminous ($2\times10^{45}\lesssim L_{\rm bol}\rm /erg\,s^{-1} \lesssim 2\times10^{46}$) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at intermediate-redshift ($0.1 \lesssim z \lesssim 0.4$), as part of the SUpermassive Black hole Winds in the x-rAYS (SUBWAYS) sample, mostly composed of quasars (QSOs) and type\,1 AGN. Here, 17 targets were observed with \textit{XMM-Newton} between 2019--2020 and the remaining 5 are from previous observations. The aim of this large campaign ($1.45\,\rm Ms$ duration) is to characterise the various manifestations of winds in the…
We present a UV spectroscopic study of ionized outflows in 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN), observed with the HST. The targets of the SUBWAYS sample were selected with the aim to probe the parameter space of the underexplored AGN between the local Seyfert galaxies and the luminous quasars at high redshifts. Our targets, spanning redshifts of 0.1-0.4 and bolometric luminosities (L_bol) of 10^45-10^46 erg/s, have been observed with a large multi-wavelength campaign. Here, we model the UV spectra and look for different types of AGN outflows. We find that 60% of our targets show a presence of outf…
