半人马座A中心的超大质量黑洞：由气体和恒星动力学揭示
The Supermassive Black Hole at the Heart of Centaurus A: Revealed by Gas- and Stellar Kinematics
摘要：
距离小于4 Mpc的射电星系NGC 5128（半人马座A）是研究超大质量黑洞及其对环境影响的最好例子。为了模拟和理解馈送和反馈机制，我们需要精确确定超大质量黑洞的质量。本文综述了近年来从气体和恒星运动学两方面测量半人马座A黑洞质量的研究进展。它显示了如何在观测技术和仪器的进步驱动黑洞质量测量领域，并得出结论，自适应光学辅助积分场光谱是关键，以确定周围的电离气体的活动星系核的影响。使用ESO甚大望远镜的SINFONI数据，最佳拟合的黑洞质量为M_BH=4.5 + 1.7/-1.0 x 10^7 Msolar（来自H_2运动学）和M_BH=（5.5 +/-3.0）x 10^7 Msolar（来自恒星运动学;两者都有3 sigma误差）。这是一个最干净的气体与恒星比较的M_BH测定，并使半人马座A符合M_BH-西格玛关系。
英文摘要：
At less than 4 Mpc distance the radio galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is the prime example to study the supermassive black hole and its influence on the environment in great detail. To model and understand the feeding and feedback mechanisms one needs an accurate determination of the mass of the supermassive black hole. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent studies that have been dedicated to measure the black hole mass in Centaurus A from both gas and stellar kinematics. It shows how the advancement in observing techniques and instrumentation drive the field of black hole mass measurements and concludes that adaptive optics assisted integral field spectroscopy is the key to identify the effects of the AGN on the surrounding ionised gas. Using data from SINFONI at the ESO Very Large Telescope, the best-fit black hole mass is M_BH=4.5 +1.7/-1.0 x 10^7 Msolar (from H_2 kinematics) and M_BH= (5.5 +/- 3.0) x 10^7 Msolar (from stellar kinematics; both with 3 sigma errors). This is one of the cleanest gas vs star comparison of a M_BH determination, and brings Centaurus A into agreement with the M_BH-sigma relation.
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