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arXiv 0911.5409quant-ph
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概率论上量子力学的检验公理

Testing axioms for Quantum Mechanics on Probabilistic toy-theories

Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano, Alessandro Tosini

摘要:

在文献[1]中,一位作者提出了将量子力学公理化为“公平的操作框架”的假设,即把理论看作一组规则,允许实验者在适当的测试基础上预测未来事件,具有局部控制和低实验复杂性。除了因果关系之外,还考虑了以下假设:PFAITH(存在一个纯粹的绝对忠诚的状态)和FAITHE(存在一个忠诚的效果)。这些假设展现出了意想不到的理论力量,排除了所有已知的非量子概率理论。后来在参考文献[2]中,除了因果关系和PFAITH,还考虑了LDISCR(局部可分辨性)和PURIFY(所有状态的可纯化性)假设,将概率理论缩小到非常接近量子力学的程度。在本文中,我们测试了一些非量子概率模型上的上述假设。第一个模型,“双盒子世界”是Popescu-Rohrlich模型的扩展,它实现了与无信号原理兼容的CHSH不等式的最大违反。第二个模型“双钟世界”实际上是一个完整的模型类,所有的模型都有一个圆盘作为局部系统的凸状态集。其中之一对应于“双比特世界”,即具有实希尔伯特空间的量子比特。第三个模型--“自旋因子”--是一种对时钟的n维概括。最后一个模型是“经典概率论”。我们看到每个模型如何违反了一些假设,何时以及如何实现隐形传态,我们分析了这些违反假设之间的其他有趣的联系,以及概率理论的局部和非局部结构之间的深层关系。

英文摘要:

In Ref. [1] one of the authors proposed postulates for axiomatizing Quantum Mechanics as a "fair operational framework", namely regarding the theory as a set of rules that allow the experimenter to predict future events on the basis of suitable tests, having local control and low experimental complexity. In addition to causality, the following postulates have been considered: PFAITH (existence of a pure preparationally faithful state), and FAITHE (existence of a faithful effect). These postulates have exhibited an unexpected theoretical power, excluding all known nonquantum probabilistic theories. Later in Ref. [2] in addition to causality and PFAITH, postulate LDISCR (local discriminability) and PURIFY (purifiability of all states) have been considered, narrowing the probabilistic theory to something very close to Quantum Mechanics. In the present paper we test the above postulates on some nonquantum probabilistic models. The first model, "the two-box world" is an extension of the Popescu-Rohrlich model, which achieves the greatest violation of the CHSH inequality compatible with the no-signaling principle. The second model "the two-clock world" is actually a full class of models, all having a disk as convex set of states for the local system. One of them corresponds to the "the two-rebit world", namely qubits with real Hilbert space. The third model--"the spin-factor"--is a sort of n-dimensional generalization of the clock. Finally the last model is "the classical probabilistic theory". We see how each model violates some of the proposed postulates, when and how teleportation can be achieved, and we analyze other interesting connections between these postulate violations, along with deep relations between the local and the non-local structures of the probabilistic theory.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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