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arXiv 0911.0964math.SGmath-phmath.MP
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几何预量化简介

An Introduction To Geometric Prequantization

Joseph Geraci

摘要:

经典力学在辛几何中有一个自然的数学背景,人们可能会问,量子力学是否也是如此。更确切地说,在经典力学的辛框架内,是否有可能捕捉到某些量子特质?从狄拉克开始,量子化一个经典系统的想法涉及到将相空间变量与作用于某个希尔伯特空间的厄米特算子相关联,以及将相空间上的泊松括号与算子的换位子相关联。在数学上相空间是与一些辛流形$M$和非退化的2-形式$M$,它带有$M$。几何预量化是一个以数学上“严格”的方式进行的过程,我们将在这里尝试介绍这些方法。我们这样做是通过探索这个矛盾的($\mathbb{R}^{2n}, \sum_{i=1}^n dp_i \wedge dq_i$),避免使用复杂的线丛在任何非平凡的方式。然而,人们应该注意到,人们获得的希尔伯特空间实际上太“大”,在这个意义上,它有太多的功能,以符合实际的物理意义上的希尔伯特空间。几何量子化补救了这种情况,但应该注意的是,不是所有的流形都是可预量子化的。然而,我们将不讨论这两个问题。

英文摘要:

Classical mechanics has a natural mathematical setting in symplectic geometry and it may be asked if the same is true for quantum mechanics. More precisely, is it possible to capture certain quantum idiosyncrasies within the symplectic framework of classical mechanics? Beginning with Dirac, the idea of quantizing a classical system involved associating the phase space variables with Hermitian operators which act on some Hilbert space, as well as associating the Poisson bracket on the phase space with the commutator for the operators. Mathematically the phase space is associated with some symplectic manifold $M$ and the non-degenerate 2-form $ω$, which comes with $M$. Geometric prequantization is a process by which one does this in a mathematically "rigorous" manner and we shall attempt to just introduce the methods here. We do this by exploring this contruction for ($\mathbb{R}^{2n}, \sum_{i=1}^n dp_i \wedge dq_i$) which avoids using complex line bundles in any non-trivial way. One should note however that the Hilbert space one obtains is in fact too "big", in the sense that it has too many functions in order to correspond with actual physically significant Hilbert spaces. Geometric quantization remedies this situation but it should be noted that not all manifolds are prequantizable. We shall not discuss either of these issues however.

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