利用月球目标进行UHE中微子搜索：来自RESUN搜索的第一批结果
UHE neutrino searches using a Lunar target: First Results from the RESUN search
摘要：
在过去的十年中，已经有几次尝试通过寻找由陆地冰或月球风化层中的带电撞击阵雨引起的无线电切伦科夫爆发来探测宇宙成因的超高能中微子。到目前为止，这些无线电搜索还没有得到任何探测结果，但是推断出的通量上限已经开始限制UHE中微子生成的物理模型。对于使用月球作为目标的搜索，我们总结了物理的相互作用，所产生的切伦科夫无线电脉冲，检测统计，有效的孔径缩放定律，并推导出各向同性和点源模型的上限的属性。我们报告的初步结果，从RESUN搜索，它使用扩展的超大型阵列配置在多个子阵列的四个天线在1.45 GHz指向沿月球边缘。我们在45个小时的观测中没有发现来自月球的脉冲。这意味着在中微子能量范围10^{21.6} < E（eV）< 10^{22.6}内，在90%置信水平下，各向同性和采样点源的微分中微子通量E^2 dN/dE的上限分别为<0.003 EeV km ^{-2} s ^{-1}和< 0.0003 EeV km ^{-2} s^{-1}。各向同性通量极限与月球搜索的最低公布上限相当。完整的RESUN搜索，加上额外的200小时观测时间和改进的数据采集方案，将在10^{21} < E（eV）< 10^{22}的能量范围内比以前的月球目标搜索灵敏一个数量级，并将测试中微子产生的Z爆发模型。
英文摘要：
During the past decade there have been several attempts to detect cosmogenic ultra high energy (UHE) neutrinos by searching for radio Cerenkov bursts resulting from charged impact showers in terrestrial ice or the lunar regolith. So far these radio searches have yielded no detections, but the inferred flux upper limits have started to constrain physical models for UHE neutrino generation. For searches which use the Moon as a target, we summarize the physics of the interaction, properties of the resulting Cerenkov radio pulse, detection statistics, effective aperture scaling laws, and derivation of upper limits for isotropic and point source models. We report on initial results from the RESUN search, which uses the Expanded Very Large Array configured in multiple sub-arrays of four antennas at 1.45 GHz pointing along the lunar limb. We detected no pulses of lunar origin during 45 observing hours. This implies upper limits to the differential neutrino flux E^2 dN/dE < 0.003 EeV km^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} and < 0.0003 EeV km$^{-2} s^{-1} at 90% confidence level for isotropic and sampled point sources respectively, in the neutrino energy range 10^{21.6} < E(eV) < 10^{22.6}. The isotropic flux limit is comparable to the lowest published upper limits for lunar searches. The full RESUN search, with an additional 200 hours observing time and an improved data acquisition scheme, will be be an order of magnitude more sensitive in the energy range 10^{21} < E(eV) < 10^{22} than previous lunar-target searches, and will test Z burst models of neutrino generation.
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