用月球切伦科夫技术校准UHE cosmic ray和中微子探测的电离层脉冲色散的新方法
A new method to calibrate ionospheric pulse dispersion for UHE cosmic ray and neutrino detection using the Lunar Cherenkov technique
摘要：
UHE粒子探测采用月球切伦科夫技术，旨在探测UHE宇宙射线和中微子在月球风化层相互作用期间产生的切伦科夫发射纳秒脉冲。这些脉冲到达地球上的望远镜时会分散开来，由于它们通过地球的电离层传播，因此振幅会降低。为了使接收到的信噪比和随后的脉冲检测机会最大化，因此必须校正电离层色散，并且由于高时间分辨率将需要过多的数据存储，因此必须实时进行这种校正。这就需要准确地了解电离层瞬时总电子含量（TEC）的色散特性。为LUNASKA月球切伦科夫实验提出了一种新的电离层色散效应校准方法。这种方法利用月球偏振辐射分布的径向对称性，在合成阵列数据的可见度域中进行法拉第旋转测量（即，e.瞬间）。然后将法拉第旋转测量与地磁场模型结合起来估计电离层TEC。这种电离层校准方法对月球切伦科夫技术特别有吸引力，因为它可以实时用于估计沿月球视线和使用同一射电望远镜的电离层TEC。
英文摘要：
UHE particle detection using the lunar Cherenkov technique aims to detect nanosecond pulses of Cherenkov emission which are produced during UHE cosmic ray and neutrino interactions in the Moon's regolith. These pulses will reach Earth-based telescopes dispersed, and therefore reduced in amplitude, due to their propagation through the Earth's ionosphere. To maximise the received signal to noise ratio and subsequent chances of pulse detection, ionospheric dispersion must therefore be corrected, and since the high time resolution would require excessive data storage this correction must be made in real time. This requires an accurate knowledge of the dispersion characteristic which is parameterised by the instantaneous Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere. A new method to calibrate the dispersive effect of the ionosphere on lunar Cherenkov pulses has been developed for the LUNASKA lunar Cherenkov experiments. This method exploits radial symmetries in the distribution of the Moon's polarised emission to make Faraday rotation measurements in the visibility domain of synthesis array data (i. e. instantaneously). Faraday rotation measurements are then combined with geomagnetic field models to estimate the ionospheric TEC. This method of ionospheric calibration is particularly attractive for the lunar Cherenkov technique as it may be used in real time to estimate the ionospheric TEC along a line-of-sight to the Moon and using the same radio telescope.
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