表面粗糙度对月球Askaryan脉冲的影响
The effects of surface roughness on lunar Askaryan pulses
摘要：
月球表面粗糙度的影响，在小和大的尺度上，在月球表面下的粒子级联产生的阿斯卡里亚无线电脉冲从来没有完全估计。表面粗糙度会影响脉冲逃离月球表面的机会，其相干性和特征探测几何形状。它将影响预期的信号形状，不同频带的相对效用，望远镜在月球盘上的指向位置，最根本的是，探测已知的UHE宇宙射线和任何预期的UHE中微子通量的机会。在不久的将来，像FAST和SKA这样的射电望远镜有望探测到宇宙射线的通量，在模拟中适当处理表面粗糙度是至关重要的。月球上的阿斯卡里亚技术在这方面的贡献，一个小面模型的月球表面粗糙度相结合的方法来传播相干无线电脉冲通过边界估计月球表面粗糙度的中微子探测概率的全部影响。该方法能够从月球表面下的参数化粒子级联产生脉冲，如地球上的观察者所见，包括所有的偏振和相干效应。从这个计算的结果，提出了两个特征的宇宙射线和中微子级联，并估计上述的影响-特别是信号的形状，频率依赖性，和灵敏度-。
英文摘要：
The effects of lunar surface roughness, on both small and large scales, on Askaryan radio pulses generated by particle cascades beneath the lunar surface has never been fully estimated. Surface roughness affects the chances of a pulse escaping the lunar surface, its coherency, and the characteristic detection geometry. It will affect the expected signal shape, the relative utility of different frequency bands, the telescope pointing positions on the lunar disk, and most fundamentally, the chances of detecting the known UHE cosmic ray and any prospective UHE neutrino flux. Near-future radio-telescopes such as FAST and the SKA promise to be able to detect the flux of cosmic rays, and it is critical that surface roughness be treated appropriately in simulations. of the lunar Askaryan technique. In this contribution, a facet model for lunar surface roughness is combined with a method to propagate coherent radio pulses through boundaries to estimate the full effects of lunar surface roughness on neutrino-detection probabilities. The method is able to produce pulses from parameterised particle cascades beneath the lunar surface as would be viewed by an observer at Earth, including all polarisation and coherency effects. Results from this calculation are presented for both characteristic cosmic ray and neutrino cascades, and estimates of the effects mentioned above - particularly signal shape, frequency-dependence, and sensitivity - are presented.
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