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arXiv 0910.5375quant-ph
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利用三元组无参考系量子比特的高效量子密钥分发

Efficient quantum key distribution with trines of reference-frame-free qubits

Gelo Tabia, Berthold-Georg Englert

摘要:

我们提出了一个旋转不变的量子密钥分发方案,该方案使用一对正交的量子比特三角形,实现为三个物理量子比特的混合态。测量结果不取决于Alice和Bob如何选择他们各自的参考系。通过双向通信的高效密钥生成产生两个独立的原始密钥,一个比特密钥和一个三比特密钥。对于无噪声信道,Alice和Bob每发送一个三分位数状态总共得到0.573个密钥比特(香农极限的98%)。这超过了标准三位一体方案的产量相当大的量,标准三位一体方案理想地实现每三位一体状态半个密钥比特。衰减引入无偏噪声的$ε$分数,必要时通过旋转来确保。安全性分析揭示了一个不对称的夏娃的条件的ancillas的爱丽丝和鲍勃导致他们的不平等的角色,在密钥生成。通过合理的对称性假设简化了分析,我们发现,如果噪声低于$ε= 0.197$设置的阈值,则可以生成密钥。

英文摘要:

We propose a rotationally-invariant quantum key distribution scheme that uses a pair of orthogonal qubit trines, realized as mixed states of three physical qubits. The measurement outcomes do not depend on how Alice and Bob choose their individual reference frames. The efficient key generation by two-way communication produces two independent raw keys, a bit key and a trit key. For a noiseless channel, Alice and Bob get a total of 0.573 key bits per trine state sent (98% of the Shannon limit). This exceeds by a considerable amount the yield of standard trine schemes, which ideally attain half a key bit per trine state. Eavesdropping introduces an $ε$-fraction of unbiased noise, ensured by twirling if necessary. The security analysis reveals an asymmetry in Eve's conditioned ancillas for Alice and Bob resulting from their inequivalent roles in the key generation. Upon simplifying the analysis by a plausible symmetry assumption, we find that a secret key can be generated if the noise is below the threshold set by $ε= 0.197$.

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