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arXiv 0910.4240astro-ph.SR
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亚恒星质量天体T矮星的多重散射极化

Multiple Scattering Polarization of Substellar-mass Objects : T-dwarfs

Sujan Sengupta, Mark S. Marley

摘要:

虽然有多个观测计划旨在探测超冷矮星发射的光辐射的线性偏振,但对这个问题的理论分析相对较少。一般的预期是,那些具有凝结云的亚恒星质量物体的大气层将由于散射而产生线性偏振。由于旋转引起的非球性,预计将不完全抵消盘集成的净极化,从而有限的极化。然而,对于无云的物体,只有分子瑞利散射将有助于任何净偏振,这个限制还没有得到很好的研究。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一个详细的多重散射分析的偏振预期从这些T-矮星的光谱显示没有凝聚。为此,我们发展并求解了线偏振辐射的完整辐射转移方程。只有原子和分子的瑞利散射被认为是偏振源。我们计算在不同的角度方向上的局部偏振在一个平面平行的大气中计算的有效温度范围内的T矮星,然后平均在整个表面的对象。重力和临边暗化以及旋转引起的非球性的影响包括在内。结果表明,极化量随有效温度的升高而减小。还发现,在大气中的任何局部点的显着的偏振只出现在光学(B波段)。然而,磁盘集成偏振-即使在B波段-是可以忽略的。因此,我们得出结论,与多云L矮星的情况不同,由原子和分子散射引起的无云T矮星的偏振可能是不可检测的。

英文摘要:

While there have been multiple observational programs aimed at detecting linear polarization of optical radiation emitted by ultracool dwarfs, there has been comparatively less rigorous theoretical analysis of the problem. The general expectation has been that the atmospheres of those substellar-mass objects with condensate clouds would give rise to linear polarization due to scattering. Because of rotation-induced non-sphericity, there is expected to be incomplete cancellation of disk-integrated net polarization and thus a finite polarization. For cloudless objects, however, only molecular Rayleigh scattering will contribute to any net polarization and this limit has not been well studied. Hence in this paper we present a detailed multiple scattering analysis of the polarization expected from those T-dwarfs whose spectra show absence of condensates. For this, we develop and solve the full radiative transfer equations for linearly polarized radiation. Only atomic and molecular Rayleigh scattering are considered to be the source of polarization. We compute the local polarization at different angular directions in a plane-parallel atmospheres calculated for the range of effective temperatures of T dwarfs and then average over the whole surface of the object. The effects of gravity and limb darkening as well as rotation induced non-sphericity are included. It is found that the amount of polarization decreases with the increase in effective temperature. It is also found that significant polarization at any local point in the atmosphere arises only in the optical (B-band). However, the disk integrated polarization--even in the B-band--is negligible. Hence we conclude that, unlike the case for cloudy L dwarfs, polarization of cloudless T-dwarfs by atomic and molecular scattering may not be detectable.

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