We generalize Penrose's notion of conformal infinity of spacetime, to situations with anisotropic scaling. This is relevant not only for Lifshitz-type anisotropic gravity models, but also in standard general relativity and string theory, for spacetimes exhibiting a natural asymptotic anisotropy. Examples include the Lifshitz and Schrodinger spaces (proposed as AdS/CFT duals of nonrelativistic field theories), warped AdS_3, and the near-horizon extreme Kerr geometry. The anisotropic conformal boundary appears crucial for resolving puzzles of holographic renormalization in such spacetimes.
In past, the future asymptotic behavior (with respect to initial data on null hypersurface) of Robinson-Trautman spacetime was examined and its past horizon characterized. Therefore, only the investigation of conformal infinity is missing from the picture. We would like to present some initial results concerning conformal infinity when negative cosmological constant is present motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Static vacuum metrics in (4 + 1) dimensions with Λ < 0 and squashed conformal infinity
School of Physics, Nankai University（南开大学物理学院）；Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre, University of Southampton（南安普顿大学数学科学与STAG研究中心）；TU Wien, Institut für Analysis und Scientific Computing（维也纳工业大学分析与科学计算研究所）；Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology（瑞典皇家理工学院数学系）；Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications（北京应用数学与交叉科学研究院）；Center for Theoretical Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院理论物理中心）
It is well known that the spacetime $\text{AdS}_2\times S^2$ arises as the `near horizon' geometry of the extremal Reisser-Nordstrom solution, and for that reason it has been studied in connection with the AdS/CFT correspondence. Motivated by a conjectural viewpoint of Juan Maldacena, the authors in [4] studied the rigidity of asymptotically $\text{AdS}_2\times S^2$ spacetimes satisfying the null energy condition. In this paper, we take an entirely different and more general approach to the asymptotics based on the notion of conformal infinity. This involves a natural modification of the usual…
This paper considers the existence of conformally compact Einstein metrics on 4-manifolds. A reasonably complete understanding is obtained for the existence of such metrics with prescribed conformal infinity, when the conformal infinity is of positive scalar curvature. We find in particular that general solvability in this class depends on the topology of the filling manifold. The obstruction to solvability for arbitrary boundary values is also identified. While most of the paper concerns dimension 4, some general results on the structure of the space of such metrics hold in all dimensions.
We show that the symmetry algebra of asymptotically flat four dimensional spacetimes at null infinity in the sense of Newman and Unti is isomorphic to the direct sum of the abelian algebra of infinitesimal conformal rescalings with bms4. We then work out the local conformal properties of the relevant Newman-Penrose coefficients, as well as the surface charges and their algebra.
We contrast the dynamics of the Horava theory with anisotropic Weyl symmetry with the case when this symmetry is explicitly broken, which is called the kinetic-conformal Horava theory. To do so we perform the canonical formulation of the anisotropic conformal theory at the classical level with a general conformal potential. Both theories have the generator of the anisotropic Weyl transformations as a constraint but it changes from first to second-class when the Weyl symmetry is broken. The FDiff-covariant vector a_i = \partial_i \ln N plays the role of gauge connection for the anisotropic Weyl…
The special conformal transformation (composed by inversion - translation - inversion) is used to generate a time dependent conformally flat spacetime. In order to be an exact solution of Einstein's equations, we need as a source a stress tensor corresponding to an anisotropic fluid with negative regular energy density and positive pressures. For the static approximation, the generators of the infinitesimal transformation resemble those recently obtained by Majhi and Padmanabhan for the coordinate transformation leading to the "near horizon" Schwarzschild metric in Kruskal coordinates. The sta…
Invariance under non-linear ${\sf {\hat W}}_{\infty}$ algebra is shown for the two-boson Liouville type of model and its algebraic generalizations, the extended conformal Toda models. The realization of the corresponding generators in terms of two boson currents within KP hierarchy is presented.
In this paper, the effects of adding spatial conformal symmetry to the asymptotic symmetry group of an asymptotically conformally flat spacetime are studied. It is shown that, in addition to the BMS group, only the dilations of the spatial conformal generators keep the corresponding boundary conditions conformally invariant under hypersurface deformations. We prove that in order to attain (i) a well-defined symplectic structure and (ii) a finite and (iii) integrable conserved charge, these conditions are satisfied simultaneously when admitting Regge-Teitelboim and twisted Henneaux-Troessaert p…
A set of power-law solutions of a conformal-violating Maxwell model with a non-standard scalar-vector coupling will be shown in this paper. In particular, we are interested in a coupling term of the form $X^{2n} F^{μν}F_{μν}$ with $X$ denoting the kinetic term of the scalar field. Stability analysis indicates that the new set of anisotropic power-law solutions is unstable during the inflationary phase. The result is consistent with the cosmic no-hair conjecture. We show, however, that a set of stable slowly expanding solutions does exist for a small range of parameters $λ$ and $n$. Hence a sma…
We reexamine the $W_{\infty}$ symmetry of the $sl(N)$ Conformal Affine Toda theories. It is shown that it is possible to reduce (nonuniquely) the zero curvature equation to a Lax equation for a first order pseudodifferential oprator, whose coefficients are the generators of the $W_{\infty}$ algebra. This clarifies the known relation between the Conformal Affine Toda theories and the KP hierarchy. A possible correspondence between the matrix models and the Conformal Affine Toda models is discussed.
We construct a relation between the Aretakis charge of any extreme black hole and the Newman-Penrose charge. This is achieved by constructing a conformal correspondence between extreme black holes and what we call weakly asymptotically flat space-times. Under this correspondence the Newman-Penrose charge of the weakly asymptotically flat space-time maps on to the Aretakis charge of the extreme black hole. Furthermore, we generalise the conformal isometry displayed by the extreme Reissner-Nordström solution to a novel conformal symmetry that acts within a class of static STU supergravity black …
We discuss various aspects of anisotropic gravity in $(d+D)$-dimensional spacetime where $D$ dimensions are treated as extra dimensions. It is based on the foliation preserving diffeomorphism invariance and anisotropic conformal invariance. The anisotropy is embodied by introducing a factor $z$ which discriminates the scaling degree of the extra $D$ dimensions against the $d$-dimensional base spacetime and Weyl scalar field which mediates the anisotropic scaling symmetry. There is no intrinsic scale but a physical scale $M_*$ emerges as a consequence of spontaneous conformal symmetry breaking.…
We construct a centerless W-infinity type of algebra in terms of a generator of a centerless Virasoro algebra and an abelian spin-1 current. This algebra conventionally emerges in the study of pseudo-differential operators on a circle or alternatively within KP hierarchy with Watanabe's bracket. Construction used here is based on a special deformation of the algebra $w_{\infty}$ of area preserving diffeomorphisms of a 2-manifold. We show that this deformation technique applies to the two-loop WZNW and conformal affine Toda models, establishing henceforth $W_{\infty}$ invariance of these models…
In this paper we implement scale anisotropic transformations in the space-time in classical mechanics. The resulting system is consistent with the dispersion relation of gravity at a Lifshitz point recently considered in arXiv:0901.3775. Also, we show that our model is a generalization of the conformal mechanics of Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan. For arbitrary $z$ we construct the dynamical symmetries that correspond to the Schroedinger algebra. Furthermore, we obtain the Boltzman distribution for a gas of free particles compatible with anisotropic scaling transformations and compare our result wit…
The C-metric solution of conformal gravity with a conformally coupled scalar field is presented. The solution belongs to the class of Petrov type D spacetimes and is conformal to the standard AdS C-metric appeared in vacuum Einstein gravity. For all parameter ranges, we identify some of the physically interesting static regions and the corresponding coordinate ranges. The solution may contain a black hole event horizon, an acceleration horizon, either of which may be cut by the conformal infinity or be hidden behind the conformal infinity. Since the model is conformally invariant, we also disc…
In this paper we apply the ideas put forward by Hořava, and introduce anisotropic transformations to cosmology. We start with the Kantowski-Sachs cosmological model and impose anisotropic transformation invariance on the minisuperspace variables. We study the symmetries of the anisotropic model and by canonical quantization find a Schrödinger type equation for $z\ne 1$. Finally, we conclude that introducing anistropic invariance can be considered a solution to the problem of time in quantum cosmology and gives some insight on the structure of a well behaved quantum theory of gravity.
It is argued that the symmetry algebra of asymptotically flat spacetimes at null infinity in 4 dimensions should be taken as the semi-direct sum of supertranslations with infinitesimal local conformal transformations and not, as usually done, with the Lorentz algebra. As a consequence, two dimensional conformal field theory techniques will play as fundamental a role in this context of direct physical interest as they do in three dimensional anti-de Sitter gravity.
Carroll-Cotton Tensors and Gravitational Radiation at Null Infinity
École polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Unité Mixte de Recherche 7644, Institut Polytechnique de Paris（巴黎综合理工学院，法国国家科学研究中心联合研究单位7644，巴黎理工学院）；Université Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes（布鲁塞尔自由大学和国际索尔维研究所）；International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)（高级国际研究学院（SISSA））；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；Université de Mons（蒙斯大学）
We show that holographic renormalization of relativistic gravity in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetimes naturally reproduces the structure of gravity with anisotropic scaling: The holographic counterterms induced near anisotropic infinity take the form of the action for gravity at a Lifshitz point, with the appropriate value of the dynamical critical exponent $z$. In the particular case of 3+1 bulk dimensions and $z=2$ asymptotic scaling near infinity, we find a logarithmic counterterm, related to anisotropic Weyl anomaly of the dual CFT, and show that this counterterm reproduces precisely the …
Chiral orbifold models are defined as gauge field theories with a finite gauge group $Γ$. We start with a conformal current algebra A associated with a connected compact Lie group G and a negative definite integral invariant bilinear form on its Lie algebra. Any finite group $Γ$ of inner automorphisms or A (in particular, any finite subgroup of G) gives rise to a gauge theory with a chiral subalgebra $A^Γ\subset A$ of local observables invariant under $Γ$. A set of positive energy $A^Γ$ modules is constructed whose characters span, under some assumptions on $Γ$, a finite dimensional unitary re…
In the setting of the massive Klein-Gordon equation on de Sitter space, we discuss Vasy's asymptotic data at conformal infinity in terms of plane waves. In particular, we derive a short-hand formula for reconstructing solutions from their asymptotic data. Furthermore, we show that the natural Hadamard state induced from future (or past) conformal infinity coincides with the Bunch-Davies state.
The behaviour of the 3D axial next-nearest neighbour Ising (ANNNI) model at the uniaxial Lifshitz point is studied using Monte Carlo techniques. A new variant of the Wolff cluster algorithm permits the analysis of systems far larger than in previous studies. The Lifshitz point critical exponents are $α=0.18(2)$, $β=0.238(5)$ and $γ=1.36(3)$. Data for the spin-spin correlation function are shown to be consistent with the explicit scaling function derived from the assumption of local scale invariance, which is a generalization of conformal invariance to the anisotropic scaling {\em at} the Lifsh…
The "conformal mass prescriptions" were used recently to calculate the mass of spacetimes in higher dimensional and higher curvature theories of gravity. These definitions are closely related to Komar integrals for spacetimes that are conformally flat at great distances from the sources. We derive these relations without using the conformal infinity formalism.
The description of chiral quantum incompressible fluids by the W-infinity symmetry can be extended from the edge, where it encompasses the conformal field theory approach, to the non-conformal bulk. The two regimes are characterized by excitations with different sizes, energies and momenta within the disk geometry. In particular, the bulk quantities have a finite limit for large droplets. We obtain analytic results for the radial shape of excitations, the edge reconstruction phenomenon and the energy spectrum of density fluctuations in Laughlin states.
Recently E.Verlinde and H.Verlinde have suggested an effective two-dimensional theory describing the high-energy scattering in QCD. In this report we attempt to clarify some issues of this suggestion. We consider {\it anisotropic asymptotics} of correlation functions for scalar and gauge theories in four dimensions. Anisotropic asymptotics describe behaviour of correlation functions when some components of coordinates are large as compare with others components. It is occurred that (2+2) anisotropic asymptotics for 4-points functions are related with the well known Regge regime of scattering a…
We initiate a non-perturbative study of anisotropic, non-conformal and confining gauge theories that are holographically realized in gravity by generic Einstein-Axion-Dilaton systems. In the vacuum our solutions describe RG flows from a conformal field theory in the UV to generic scaling solutions in the IR with generic hyperscaling violation and dynamical exponents $θ$ and $z$. We formulate a generalization of the holographic c-theorem to the anisotropic case. At finite temperature, we discover that the anisotropic deformation reduces the confinement-deconfinement phase transition temperature…
