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arXiv 0909.2722physics.flu-dyn
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湍流谱结构的宏观效应

Macroscopic effects of the spectral structure in turbulent flows

Tuan Tran, Pinaki Chakraborty, Nicholas Guttenberg, Alisia Prescott, Hamid Kellay, Walter Goldburg, Nigel Goldenfeld, Gustavo Gioia

摘要:

湍流的两个方面一直是广泛的,分裂的研究工作的主题:宏观性能,如摩擦阻力所经历的流动通过一个墙,和湍流谱。湍流谱可以说代表了湍流状态的结构;在实践中,它是指数α的幂律(“谱指数”),它给出了大小为s的湍流波动(或“涡流”)的旋转速度作为s的函数。宏观性质和湍流谱之间的联系,如果有的话,仍然缺失。它是否可以通过对比不同类型谱的流动中的摩擦阻力来发现?在这里,我们进行了前所未有的测量的摩擦阻力的皂膜流,其中的光谱指数α= 3,并比较的结果与管流的摩擦阻力,其中的光谱指数α= 5/3。对于中等雷诺数Re(湍流强度的量度),我们发现在皂膜流中摩擦阻力的尺度为Re^{-1/2},而在管流中摩擦阻力的尺度为Re^{-1/4}。每一种尺度都可以用一种新的理论从伴随的α值来预测,在这种理论中,摩擦阻力与紊流谱有明确的联系。我们的工作表明,在湍流中,在连续相变,宏观性质是由波动的光谱结构。

英文摘要:

Two aspects of turbulent flows have been the subject of extensive, split research efforts: macroscopic properties, such as the frictional drag experienced by a flow past a wall, and the turbulent spectrum. The turbulent spectrum may be said to represent the fabric of a turbulent state; in practice it is a power law of exponent α(the "spectral exponent") that gives the revolving velocity of a turbulent fluctuation (or "eddy") of size s as a function of s. The link, if any, between macroscopic properties and the turbulent spectrum remains missing. Might it be found by contrasting the frictional drag in flows with differing types of spectra? Here we perform unprecedented measurements of the frictional drag in soap-film flows, where the spectral exponent α= 3 and compare the results with the frictional drag in pipe flows, where the spectral exponent α= 5/3. For moderate values of the Reynolds number Re (a measure of the strength of the turbulence), we find that in soap-film flows the frictional drag scales as Re^{-1/2}, whereas in pipe flows the frictional drag scales as Re^{-1/4} . Each of these scalings may be predicted from the attendant value of αby using a new theory, in which the frictional drag is explicitly linked to the turbulent spectrum. Our work indicates that in turbulence, as in continuous phase transitions, macroscopic properties are governed by the spectral structure of the fluctuations.

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