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arXiv 0909.2355astro-ph.SR
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低质量恒星的磁场拓扑:M矮星的偏振光谱观测

Magnetic Field Topology in Low-Mass Stars: Spectropolarimetric Observations of M Dwarfs

N. Phan-Bao, J. Lim, J. -F. Donati, C. M. Johns-Krull, E. L. Martin

摘要:

我们在这里报告我们的磁场拓扑结构的M4矮星G 164-31(或G1 490 B),这是预计完全对流的基础上收集的时间序列数据,从20小时的观测分布在连续3个晚上的ESPaDONS分光偏振仪。我们的层析成像技术应用于时间序列的旋转调制的圆偏振剖面揭示了一个轴对称的大规模极向磁场的M4矮星。然后,我们应用合成频谱拟合技术测量的平均磁通量的恒星。在G 164-31中测得的通量为Bf = 3.2 ± 0.4 kG,这明显大于由成像技术确定的平均值0.68 kG。这种差异表明,相当大一部分恒星磁能储存在G 164-31表面的小尺度结构中。我们的H_α发射光变曲线显示了转动调制的证据,表明在这个M矮星的色球层中存在定域结构。由自转周期和赤道速度推算出的M4矮星的半径比理论模型预测的至少大30%。我们认为,这种差异可能主要是由于年轻的性质,而不是主要由于磁场的影响,G 164-31,表明年龄是一个重要的因素,应考虑在解释这一观测结果。我们还在这里报告我们的偏振观测其他5个M矮星的光谱类型从M0到M4.5,其中三个显示出强大的塞曼签名。

英文摘要:

(ABRIDGED) We report here our mapping of the magnetic field topology of the M4 dwarf G 164-31 (or Gl 490B), which is expected to be fully convective, based on time series data collected from 20 hours of observations spread over 3 successive nights with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter. Our tomographic imaging technique applied to time series of rotationally modulated circularly polarized profiles reveals an axisymmetric large-scale poloidal magnetic field on the M4 dwarf. We then apply a synthetic spectrum fitting technique for measuring the average magnetic flux on the star. The flux measured in G 164-31 is Bf = 3.2+-0.4 kG, which is significantly greater than the average value of 0.68 kG determined from the imaging technique. The difference indicates that a significant fraction of the stellar magnetic energy is stored in small-scale structures at the surface of G 164-31. Our H_alpha emission light curve shows evidence for rotational modulation suggesting the presence of localized structure in the chromosphere of this M dwarf. The radius of the M4 dwarf derived from the rotational period and the projected equatorial velocity is at least 30% larger than that predicted from theoretical models. We argue that this discrepancy is likely primarily due to the young nature of G 164-31 rather than primarily due to magnetic field effects, indicating that age is an important factor which should be considered in the interpretation of this observational result. We also report here our polarimetric observations of five other M dwarfs with spectral types from M0 to M4.5, three of them showing strong Zeeman signatures.

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