The elliptic genera of two-dimensional N=2 superconformal field theories can be twisted by the action of the integral Heisenberg group if their U(1) charges are fractional. The basic properties of the resulting twisted elliptic genera and the associated twisted Witten indices are investigated with due attention to their behaviors in orbifoldization. Our findings are illustrated by and applied to several concrete examples. We give a better understanding of the duality phenomenon observed long before for certain Landau-Ginzburg models. We revisit and prove an old conjecture of Witten which states that every ADE Landau-Ginzburg model and the corresponding minimal model share the same elliptic genus. Mathematically, we establish ADE generalizations of the quintuple product identity.
We derive explicit formulae to compute the $a$ and $c$ central charges of four dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs) directly from Coulomb branch related quantities. The formulae apply at arbitrary rank. We also discover general properties of the low-energy limit behavior of the flavor symmetry of $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs which culminate with our $\mathcal{N}=2$ UV-IR simple flavor condition. This is done by determining precisely the relation between the integrand of the partition function of the topologically twisted version of the 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs and the sin…
We find an infinite family of $4D$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ interacting superconformal field theories which enter the description of the strong-coupling limit of $SU(2N+1)$ gauge theories with hypermultiplets in the $\wedge^2(\square)+\text{Sym}^2(\square)$ . These theories arise from the compactification of the $6D$ $(2,0)$ theory of type $A_{2N}$ on a sphere with two full twisted punctures and one minimal untwisted puncture. For $N=1$, this theory is the "new" rank-1 SCFT with $Δ(u)=3$ of Argyres and Wittig. Using the superconformal index, we finally pin down the properties of this theory.
We study compactifications of an infinite family of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs on a Riemann surface in the presence of arbitrary background fluxes for global symmetries. The four-dimensional parent theories have holographic Sasaki-Einstein duals in type IIB string theory. We compute central charges and R-charges of baryonic operators in the resulting two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ theories in three distinct ways: from the field theory side utilizing c-extremization, its recently discovered geometric dual formulation, and holographically using new AdS$_3$ duals of two-dimension…
We study 6d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) compactified on a circle with arbitrary twists. The theories obtained after compactification, often referred to as 5d Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories, can be viewed as starting points for RG flows to 5d SCFTs. According to a conjecture, all 5d SCFTs can be obtained in this fashion. We compute the Coulomb branch prepotential for all 5d KK theories obtainable in this manner and associate to these theories a smooth local genus one fibered Calabi-Yau threefold in which is encoded information about all possible RG flows to 5d SCFTs. These Calabi-Yau thre…
Within the framework of four dimensional conformal supergravity we consider $\mathcal{N}=1,2,3,4$ supersymmetric theories generally twisted along the abelian subgroups of the R-symmetry and possibly other global symmetry groups. Upon compactification on constant curvature Riemann surfaces with arbitrary genus we provide an extensive classification of the resulting two dimensional theories according to the amount of supersymmetry that is preserved. Exploiting the c-extremization prescription introduced in arXiv:1211.4030 we develop a general procedure to obtain the central charge for 2d $\mathc…
We study supersymmetric $AdS_4\times Σ_2$ and $AdS_3\times Σ_3$ solutions in half-maximal gauged supergravity in six dimensions with $SU(2)_R\times SU(2)$ gauge group. The gauged supergravity is obtained by coupling three vector multiplets to the pure $F(4)$ gauged supergravity. The $SU(2)_R$ R-symmetry together with the $SO(3)\sim SU(2)$ symmetry of the vector multiplets are gauged. The resulting gauged supergravity admits supersymmetric $AdS_6$ critical points with $SO(4)\sim SU(2)\times SU(2)$ and $SO(3)\sim SU(2)_{\textrm{diag}}$ symmetries. The former corresponds to five-dimensional $N=2$…
We study twisted circle compactification of 6d $(2,0)$ SCFTs to 5d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetric gauge theories with non-simply-laced gauge groups. We provide two complementary approaches towards the BPS partition functions, reflecting the 5d and 6d point of view respectively. The first is based on the blowup equations for the instanton partition function, from which in particular we determine explicitly the one-instanton contribution for all simple Lie groups. The second is based on the modular bootstrap program, and we propose a novel modular ansatz for the twisted elliptic genera that tr…
We study the six-dimensional (2,0) superconformal field theory on S^1 x S^2 x M via compactification to five dimensions, where M is a three-manifold. Twisted along M, the five-dimensional theory has a half of N = (2,2) supersymmetry on S^2, the other half being broken by a superpotential. We show that in the limit where M is infinitely large, the twisted theory reduces to a three-dimensional topological quantum field theory which is closely related to Chern-Simons theory for the complexified gauge group.
We consider the low-energy limit of the two-dimensional theory on k M2-branes suspended between a straight M5-brane and a curved M5-brane. We argue that it is described by an N=(2,2) supersymmetric gauge theory with no matter fields but with a non-trivial twisted superpotential, and also by an N=(2,2) supersymmetric Landau-Ginzburg model, such that the (twisted) superpotentials are determined by the shape of the M5-branes. We find particular cases realize Kazama-Suzuki models. Evidence is provided by the study of ground states, chiral rings, BPS spectra and S^2 partition functions of the syste…
We study the twisted elliptic genera of 2d $(0,4)$ SCFTs associated with the BPS strings in the twisted circle compactification of 6d rank-one $(1,0)$ SCFTs. Such objects can arise when the 6d gauge algebra allows outer automorphism, thus are classified by twisted affine Lie algebras. We study several fascinating aspects of the twisted elliptic genera including 2d localization, twisted elliptic blowup equations, Higgsing and spectral flow symmetry. We derive a recursion formula with respect to the number of strings to exactly compute the twisted elliptic genera. We also investigate the modular…
Among the simple Lie algebras, $D_4$ is distinguished as the unique one whose group of outer-automorphisms is bigger than $\mathbb{Z}_2$. We study the compactifications of the $D_4$ (2,0) Theory on a punctured Riemann surface, $C$, with outer-automorphism twists around cycles of $C$ lying in $\mathbb{Z}_3\subset \text{Aut}(D_4)= S_3$. The resulting 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs have a number of new and interesting properties. As byproduct, we discover a new rank-1 $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFT with flavour symmetry group $SU(4)$.
Many heterotic orbifold models have massless twisted-sector particles with simultaneous E8_1 and E8_2 charges. In the strong-coupling M-theory dual of the heterotic string this poses a paradox: Since the E8_1 and E8_2 live at opposite ends of the x^10 dimension, where could a massless particle with both types of charges possible live? To key to this question are the 5D SCFTs living at the orbifold fixed planes going through the bulk of the M theory. We use dimensional deconstruction to understand how such a 5D SCFT (specifically, the E_0 SCFT at the Z_3 fixed point) works at the superconformal…
We present three infinite families of supersymmetric Type IIB backgrounds with AdS$_4$, AdS$_3$ and AdS$_2$ factors, dual to SCFTs in $3$, $2$ and $1$ space-time dimensions respectively. These field theories emerge at low energies, after a twisted compactification of a family of five dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ SCFTs on hyperbolic spaces. The holographic flows across dimensions are explicitly computed. We also discuss a family of SUSY breaking backgrounds, dual to a QCD-like quiver with massive (bi)fundamental matter. Some field theoretical observables are computed for these theories at the fixed…
We study the extremal correlation functions of (twisted) chiral ring operators via superlocalization in $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs) with central charge $c\geq 3$, especially for SCFTs with Calabi-Yau geometric phases. We extend the method in arXiv:1602.05971 with mild modifications, so that it is applicable to disentangle operators mixing on $S^2$ in nilpotent (twisted) chiral rings of $2d$ SCFTs. With the extended algorithm and technique of localization, we compute exactly the extremal correlators in $2d$ $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ (twisted) chiral rings as non-holomo…
We show that there is a family of two-dimensional $(0,2)$ SCFTs associated with twisted compactifications of the four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ Leigh-Strassler fixed point on a closed hyperbolic Riemann surface. We calculate the central charges for this class of theories using anomalies and $c$-extremization. In a suitable truncation of the five-dimensional maximal supergravity, we construct supersymmetric $AdS_3$ solutions that are holographic duals of those two-dimensional $(0,2)$ SCFTs. We also exhibit supersymmetric domain wall solutions that are holographically dual to the RG flows betw…
We study 4D N=2 superconformal field theories that arise from the compactification of 6D N=(2,0) theories of type D_N on a Riemann surface, in the presence of punctures twisted by a Z_2 outer automorphism. Unlike the untwisted case, the family of SCFTs is in general parametrized, not by M_{g,n}, but by a branched cover thereof. The classification of these SCFTs is carried out explicitly in the case of the D_4 theory, in terms of three-punctured spheres and cylinders, and we provide tables of properties of twisted punctures for the D_5 and D_6 theories. We find realizations of Spin(8) and Spin(…
We study 4D N=2 superconformal theories that arise from the compactification of 6D N=(2,0) theories of type A_{2N-1} on a Riemann surface C, in the presence of punctures twisted by a Z_2 outer automorphism. We describe how to do a complete classification of these SCFTs in terms of three-punctured spheres and cylinders, which we do explicitly for A_3, and provide tables of properties of twisted defects up through A_9. We find atypical degenerations of Riemann surfaces that do not lead to weakly-coupled gauge groups, but to a gauge coupling pinned at a point in the interior of moduli space. As a…
We explore the Ramond sector of the deformed two-dimensional $\cal N = (4, 4)$ superconformal $(T^4)^N /S_N$ orbifold theory, describing bound states of D1-D5 brane system in type IIB superstring. We derive the large-$N$ limit of the four-point function of two R-charged twisted Ramond fields and two marginal deformation operators at the free orbifold point. Specific short-distance limits of this function provide several structure constants, the OPE fusion rules and the conformal dimensions of a few non-BPS operators. The second order correction (in the deformation parameter) to the two-point f…
We derive the corrections to the conformal dimensions of twisted Ramond ground states in the deformed two-dimensional $\mathcal N = (4,4)$ superconformal $(\mathbb T^4)^N/S_N$ orbifold theory describing bound states of the D1-D5 brane system in type IIB superstring theory. Our result holds to second order in the deformation parameter, and at the large $N$ planar limit. The method of calculation involves the analytic evaluation of integrals of four-point functions of two R-charged twisted Ramond fields and two marginal deformation operators. We also calculate the deviation from zero, at first o…
We propose new five-dimensional gauge theory descriptions of six-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ superconformal field theories arising from type IIA brane configurations including an $ON^0$-plane. The new five-dimensional gauge theories may have $SO$, $Sp$, and $SU$ gauge groups and further broaden the landscape of ultraviolet complete five-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories. When we include an $O8^-$-plane in addition to an $ON^0$-plane, T-duality yields two $O7^-$-planes at the intersections of an $ON^0$-plane and two $O5^0$-planes. We propose a novel resolution of the…
We consider 4d N=1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N=(0,2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c_{2d}, similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a_{4d}. There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N=2 truncation of T^{1,1} with one Betti vector multiplet, dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The hologr…
We describe the effect of the marginal deformation of the $\cal N = (4, 4)$ superconformal $(T^4)^N /S_N$ orbifold theory on a doublet of R-neutral twisted Ramond fields, in the large-$N$ approximation. Our analysis of their dynamics explores the explicit analytic form of the genus-zero four-point function involving two R-neutral Ramond fields and two deformation operators. We compute this correlation function with two different approaches: the Lunin-Mathur path-integral technique and the stress-tensor method. From its short distance limits, we extract the OPE structure constants and the scali…
Invariance under modular transformations and spectral flow restrict the possible spectra of superconformal field theories (SCFT). This paper presents a technique to calculate the number of constraints on the polar spectra of N=(2,2) and N=(4,0) SCFT's by analyzing the elliptic genus. The polar spectrum corresponds to the principal part of a Laurent expansion derived from the elliptic genus. From the point of view of the AdS_3/CFT_2 correspondence, these are the states which lie below the cosmic censorship bound in classical gravity. The dimension of the space of elliptic genera is obtained as …
Half-maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions coupled to $n$ vector multiplets contains $n+3$ vectors and $3n+1$ scalars parametrized by $\mathbb{R}^+\times SO(3,n)/SO(3)\times SO(n)$ coset manifold. The two-form field in the gravity multiplet can be dualized to a three-form field which admits a topological mass term. Possible non-compact gauge groups take the form of $G_0\times H\subset SO(3,n)$ with a compact group $H$. $G_0$ is one of the five possibilities; $SO(3,1)$, $SL(3,\mathbb{R})$, $SO(2,2)$, $SO(2,1)$ and $SO(2,2)\times SO(2,1)$. We investigate all of these possible non-compa…
We derive the algebraic description of the Coulomb branch of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ $USp(2N)$ SQCD theories with $N_f$ fundamental hypermultiplets and determine their low energy physics in any vacuum from the local geometry of the moduli space, identifying the interacting SCFTs which arise at singularities and possible extra free sectors. The SCFT with the largest moduli space arises at the most singular locus on the Coulomb branch. For $N_f>2N$ (good theories) it sits at the origin of the conical variety as expected. For $N_f =2N$ we find two separate most singular points, from which the two isom…
In this paper we discuss Bagger-Witten line bundles over moduli spaces of SCFTs. We review how in general they are `fractional' line bundles, not honest line bundles, twisted on triple overlaps. We discuss the special case of moduli spaces of elliptic curves in detail. There, the Bagger-Witten line bundle does not exist as an ordinary line bundle, but rather is necessarily fractional. As a fractional line bundle, it is nontrivial (though torsion) over the uncompactified moduli stack, and its restriction to the interior, excising corners with enhanced stabilizers, is also fractional. It becomes…
We study (1,0) and (2,0) 6D superconformal field theories (SCFTs) that can be constructed in F-theory. Quite surprisingly, all of them involve an orbifold singularity C^2 / G with G a discrete subgroup of U(2). When G is a subgroup of SU(2), all discrete subgroups are allowed, and this leads to the familiar ADE classification of (2,0) SCFTs. For more general U(2) subgroups, the allowed possibilities for G are not arbitrary and are given by certain generalizations of the A- and D-series. These theories should be viewed as the minimal 6D SCFTs. We obtain all other SCFTs by bringing in a number o…
We study two families of composite twisted Ramond fields (made by products of two operators) in the $\cal {N}=(4,4)$ supersymmetric D1-D5 SCFT$_2$ deformed by a marginal modulus operator away from its $(T^4)^N/ S_N$ free orbifold point. We construct the large-$N$ contributions to the four-point functions with two composite operators and two deformation fields. These functions allow us to derive short-distance OPE limits and to calculate the anomalous dimensions of the composite operators. We demonstrate that one can distinguish two sets of composite Ramond states with twists $m_1$ and $m_2$: p…
The operator product expansion (OPE) in 4d (super)conformal field theory is of broad interest, for both formal and phenomenological applications. In this paper, we use conformal perturbation theory to study the OPE of nearly-free fields coupled to SCFTs. Under fairly general assumptions, we show that the OPE of a chiral operator of dimension $Δ= 1+ε$ with its complex conjugate always contains an operator of dimension less than $2 Δ$. Our bounds apply to Banks-Zaks fixed points and their generalizations, as we illustrate using several examples.
We describe the general BPS system that governs the gravity duals of N=(0,2) two-dimensional superconformal field theories in the low-energy limit of M5-branes on a four-manifold, M4. In order to preserve supersymmetry, we restrict to cases where the four-manifold is embedded in a Calabi-Yau fourfold that is a sum of two line bundles over M4. We further reduce the N=(0,2) system to describe the gravity duals of SCFTs with N=(0,4) and N=(2,2) supersymmetry. In the first case, the solutions fit in the larger class of AdS3xS2xCY3 solutions of M-theory dual to N=(0,4) SCFTs. In the case of the N=(…
In this work we construct the crossing symmetry equations for mixed correlators of two long and two BPS operators in 4D $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs. The analysis presented here illustrates how our general group theoretic approach to long superblocks and tensor structures of superconformal algebras can be applied to give explicit ready-to-use expressions. In the case at hand, we obtain a system of four crossing symmetry equations for the relevant OPE coefficients. One of these four equations coincides with the equation found and analysed by Li, Meltzer and Stergiou by restricting to the superprimary …
In this paper we extend the nonabelian mirror proposal of two of the authors from two-dimensional gauge theories with connected gauge groups to the case of O(k) gauge groups with discrete theta angles. We check our proposed extension by counting and comparing vacua in mirrors to known dual two-dimensional (S)O(k) gauge theories. The mirrors in question are Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds, and for mirrors to O(k) gauge theories, the critical loci of the mirror superpotential often intersect fixed-point loci, so that to count vacua, one must take into account twisted sector contributions. This is a te…
This paper lays groundwork for the detailed study of the non-trivial renormalization group flow connecting supersymmetric fixed points in four dimensions using string theory on AdS spaces. Specifically, we consider D3-branes placed at singularities of Calabi-Yau threefolds which generalize the conifold singularity and have an ADE classification. The $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal theories dictating their low-energy dynamics are infrared fixed points arising from deforming the corresponding ADE $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories by mass terms for adjoint chiral fields. We probe the g…
M5-branes probing an ADE singularity lead to 6D SCFTs with (1,0) supersymmetry. On the tensor branch, the M5-branes specify domain walls of a 7D Super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group G of ADE-type, thus providing conformal matter for a broad class of generalized quiver theories. Additionally, these theories have G x G flavor symmetry, and a corresponding Higgs branch. In this note we use the F-theory realization of these theories to calculate the scaling dimension of the operator parameterizing seven-brane recombination, i.e. motion of the stack of M5-branes off of the orbifold singularity.…
In this paper we discuss various $N=3$ SCFTs in 4 dimensions and in particular those which can be obtained as a discrete gauging of an $N=4$ SYM theories with non-simply laced groups. The main goal of the project was to compute the Coulomb branch superconformal index and Higgs branch Hilbert series for the $N=3$ SCFTs that are obtained from gauging a discrete subgroup of the global symmetry group of $N=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory. The discrete subgroup contains elements of both $SU(4)$ R-symmetry group and the S-duality group of $N=4$ SYM. This computation was done for the simply laced groups (…
We derive the full Kaluza-Klein spectrum of type IIB supergravity compactified on AdS_5 x T^{11} with T^{11} = (SU(2) x SU(2))/U(1). From the knowledge of the spectrum and general multiplet shortening conditions, we make a refined test of the AdS/CFT correspondence, by comparison between various shortenings of SU(2,2|1) supermultiplets on AdS_5 and different families of boundary operators with protected dimensions. Additional towers of long multiplets with rational dimensions, that are not protected by supersymmetry, are also predicted from the supergravity analysis.
Any N=2 superconformal field theory (SCFT) in four dimensions has a sector of operators related to a two-dimensional chiral algebra containing a Virasoro sub-algebra. Moreover, there are well-known examples of isolated SCFTs whose chiral algebra is a Virasoro algebra. In this note, we consider the chiral algebras associated with interacting N=2 SCFTs possessing an exactly marginal deformation that can be interpreted as a gauge coupling (i.e., at special points on the resulting conformal manifolds, free gauge fields appear that decouple from isolated SCFT building blocks). At any point on these…
We use F-theory to classify possibly all six-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs). This involves a two step process: We first classify all possible tensor branches allowed in F-theory (which correspond to allowed collections of contractible spheres) and then classify all possible configurations of seven-branes wrapped over them. We describe the first step in terms of "atoms" joined into "radicals" and "molecules," using an analogy from chemistry. The second step has an interpretation via quiver-type gauge theories constrained by anomaly cancellation. A very surprising outcome of o…
We present a new, general constraint which, in principle, determines the superconformal $U(1)_R$ symmetry of 4d $\N =1$ SCFTs, and also 3d $\N =2$ SCFTs. Among all possibilities, the superconformal $U(1)_R$ is that which minimizes the coefficient, $τ_{RR}$, of its two-point function. Equivalently, the superconformal $U(1)_R$ is the unique one with vanishing two-point function with every non-R flavor symmetry. For 4d $\N =1$ SCFTs, $τ_{RR}$ minimization gives an alternative to a-maximization. $τ_{RR}$ minimization also applies in 3d, where no condition for determining the superconformal $U(1)_R…
Coulomb branch chiral rings of $\mathcal N=2$ SCFTs are conjectured to be freely generated. While no counter-example is known, no direct evidence for the conjecture is known either. We initiate a systematic study of SCFTs with Coulomb branch chiral rings satisfying non-trivial relations, restricting our analysis to rank 1. The main result of our study is that (rank-1) SCFTs with non-freely generated CB chiral rings when deformed by relevant deformations, always flow to theories with non-freely generated CB rings. This implies that if they exist, they must thus form a distinct subset under RG f…
New heterotic string theories in four dimensions are constructed by tensoring a nonstandard SCFT along with some minimal SCFT's. All such theories are identified and their particle generation number is found. We prove that from the infinite number of new heterotic string theories only the {6} theory predicts three generations as seen in nature which makes it an interesting candidate for further study.
We propose novel functional equations for the BPS partition functions of 6d (1,0) SCFTs, which can be regarded as an elliptic version of Gottsche-Nakajima-Yoshioka's K-theoretic blowup equations. From the viewpoint of geometric engineering, these are the generalized blowup equations for refined topological strings on certain local elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds. We derive recursion formulas for elliptic genera of self-dual strings on the tensor branch from these functional equations and in this way obtain a universal approach for determining refined BPS invariants. As examples, we study in det…
Given the recent geometrical classification of 6d $(1,0)$ SCFTs, a major question is how to compute for this large class their elliptic genera. The latter encode the refined BPS spectrum of the SCFTs, which determines geometric invariants of the associated elliptic non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper we establish for all 6d $(1,0)$ SCFTs in the atomic classification blowup equations that fix these elliptic genera to large extent. The latter fall into two types: the unity- and the vanishing blowup equations. For almost all rank one theories, we find unity blowup equations which det…
The building blocks of 6d $(1,0)$ SCFTs include certain rank one theories with gauge group $G=SU(3),SO(8),F_4,E_{6,7,8}$. In this paper, we propose a universal recursion formula for the elliptic genera of all such theories. This formula is solved from the elliptic blowup equations introduced in our previous paper. We explicitly compute the elliptic genera and refined BPS invariants, which recover all previous results from topological string theory, modular bootstrap, Hilbert series, 2d quiver gauge theories and 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal $H_{G}$ theories. We also observe an intriguing r…
We establish the elliptic blowup equations for E-strings and M-strings and solve elliptic genera and refined BPS invariants from them. Such elliptic blowup equations can be derived from a path integral interpretation. We provide toric hypersurface construction for the Calabi-Yau geometries of M-strings and those of E-strings with up to three mass parameters turned on, as well as an approach to derive the perturbative prepotential directly from the local description of the Calabi-Yau threefolds. We also demonstrate how to systematically obtain blowup equations for all rank one 5d SCFTs from E-s…
We consider the embedding method of the superconformal group in four dimensions in the case of extended supersymmetry, hence generalizing the recent work of Goldberger, Skiba and Son which was restricted at N=1. Moreover, we work out explicitly the case of N=2 chiral superfields in four dimensions, putting the component fields in correspondence with Pascal's pyramid at layer N. This correspondence is a generic property of the N-extended chiral sector.
On non-relativistic integrable models and 4d SCFTs
Technion（以色列理工学院）；C.N.Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University（纽约州立大学石溪分校杨振宁理论物理研究所）；Department of Physics, POSTECH（浦项科技大学物理系）；Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, POSTECH（浦项科技大学亚太理论物理中心）
