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arXiv 0909.1558astro-ph.SR
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来自贫金属场巨行星的快速风和质量损失

Fast Winds and Mass Loss from Metal-Poor Field Giants

A. K. Dupree, G. H. Smith, J. Strader

摘要:

在凯克2望远镜上用NIRSPEC获得了He I 10830埃谱线的光谱。这条谱线普遍存在于T_eff大于4500 K,M_V小于-1.5的恒星中。从大多数恒星中检测到快速流出,大约40%的流出有足够的速度允许物质从恒星和球状星团中逃逸。外流速度和线强度不依赖于金属丰度,这表明这些风的驱动机制来自磁和/或流体动力学过程。气体外流存在于每一颗发光的巨星中,但并非在所有光度较低的恒星中都能检测到,这表明可能存在变异。根据Sobolev近似估计的质量损失率范围为3 × 10(-10)到6 × 10(-8)太阳质量/年,代表了红巨星分支(RGB)和红巨星水平分支(RHB)恒星具有演化意义的值。我们估计,0.2 M太阳将失去的RGB,和扭矩的风可以解释缓慢旋转的RHB星在现场的意见。RHB本身将损失约0.1-0.2 M_sun。RHB质量损失的首次经验测定可能有助于球状星团中扩展水平分支的出现。这些光谱似乎解决了球状星团中缺少团内物质的问题。演化出的星群风有可能会“窒息”矮星,这可能会导致高恒星密度区域的表面污染。

英文摘要:

Spectra of the He I 10830 Angstrom line were obtained with NIRSPEC on the Keck 2 telescope for metal-deficient field giant stars. This line is ubiquitous in stars with T_eff greater than 4500K and M_V fainter than -1.5. Fast outflows are detected from the majority of stars and about 40 percent of the outflows have sufficient speed to allow escape of material from the star as well as from a globular cluster. Outflow speeds and line strengths do not depend on metallicity suggesting the driving mechanism for these winds derives from magnetic and/or hydrodynamic processes. Gas outflows are present in every luminous giant, but are not detected in all stars of lower luminosity indicating possible variability. Mass loss rates ranging from 3X10(-10) to 6X10(-8) solar mass/yr estimated from the Sobolev approximation represent values with evolutionary significance for red giant branch (RGB) and red horizontal branch (RHB) stars. We estimate that 0.2 M_sun will be lost on the RGB, and the torque of this wind can account for observations of slowly rotating RHB stars in the field. About 0.1-0.2 M_sun will be lost on the RHB itself. This first empirical determination of mass loss on the RHB may contribute to the appearance of extended horizontal branches in globular clusters. The spectra appear to resolve the problem of missing intracluster material in globular clusters. Opportunities exist for 'wind smothering' of dwarf stars by winds from the evolved population, possibly leading to surface pollution in regions of high stellar density.

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