First stars XII. Abundances in extremely metal-poor turnoff stars,and comparison with the giants
P. Bonifacio, M. Spite, R. Cayrel, V. Hill, F. Spite, P. Francois, B. Plez, H. -G Ludwig, E. Caffau, P. Molaro, E. Depagne, J. Andersen, B. Barbuy, T. C. Beers,… 展开作者
P. Bonifacio, M. Spite, R. Cayrel, V. Hill, F. Spite, P. Francois, B. Plez, H. -G Ludwig, E. Caffau, P. Molaro, E. Depagne, J. Andersen, B. Barbuy, T. C. Beers, B. Nordstrom, F. Primas
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A&A, Received 16 July 2008/ Accepted 15 March 2009
CONTEXT:The detailed chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are key guides to understanding the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Most existing data are, however, for giant stars which may have experienced internal mixing later. AIMS: We aim to compare the results for giants with new, accurate abundances for all observable elements in 18 EMP turnoff stars. METHODS:VLT/UVES spectra at R ~45,000 and S/N~ 130 per pixel (330-1000 nm) are analysed with OSMARCS model atmospheres and the TURBOSPECTRUM code to derive abundances for C, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, and Ba. RESULTS: For Ca, Ni, Sr, and Ba, we find excellent consistency with our earlier sample of EMP giants, at all metallicities. However, our abundances of C, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn and Co are ~0.2 dex larger than in giants of similar metallicity. Mg and Si abundances are ~0.2 dex lower (the giant [Mg/Fe] values are slightly revised), while Zn is again ~0.4 dex higher than in giants of similar [Fe/H] (6 stars only). CONCLUSIONS:For C, the dwarf/giant discrepancy could possibly have an astrophysical cause, but for the other elements it must arise from shortcomings in the analysis. Approximate computations of granulation (3D) effects yield smaller corrections for giants than for dwarfs, but suggest that this is an unlikely explanation, except perhaps for C, Cr, and Mn. NLTE computations for Na and Al provide consistent abundances between dwarfs and giants, unlike the LTE results, and would be highly desirable for the other discrepant elements as well. Meanwhile, we recommend using the giant abundances as reference data for Galactic chemical evolution models.
High-resolution optical spectra of 30 metal-poor stars selected from the \Pristine\ survey are presented, based on observations taken with the Gemini Observatory GRACES spectrograph. Stellar parameters \teff and \logg are determined using a Gaia DR2 colour-temperature calibration and surface gravity from the Stefan-Boltzmann equation. GRACES spectra are used to determine chemical abundances (or upper-limits) for 20 elements (Li, O, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd, Eu). These stars are confirmed to be metal-poor ([Fe/H]$<-2.5$), with higher precision than from e…
Population Studies. XIII. A New Analysis of the Bidelman-MacConnell "Weak-Metal" Stars - Confirmation of Metal-Poor Stars in the Thick Disk of the Galaxy
We evaluate the rotational velocity of stars observed by the Pristine survey towards the Galactic anticentre, spanning a wide range of metallicities from the extremely metal-poor regime ($\mathrm{[Fe/H]}<-3$) to nearly solar metallicity. In the Galactic anticentre direction, the rotational velocity ($V_ϕ$) is similar to the tangential velocity in the galactic longitude direction ($V_{\ell}$). This allows us to estimate $V_ϕ$ from Gaia early data-release 3 (Gaia EDR3) proper motions for stars without radial velocity measurements. This substantially increases the sample of stars in the outer dis…
The advent of large-scale stellar spectroscopic surveys naturally leads to the implementation of machine learning techniques to isolate, for example, small sub-samples of potentially interesting stars from the full data set. A recent example is the application of the t-SNE statistical method to $\sim$600,000 stellar spectra from the GALAH survey in order to identify a sample of candidate extremely metal-poor (EMP, [Fe/H] $\leq$ -3) stars. We report the outcome of low-resolution spectroscopic follow-up of 83 GALAH EMP candidates that lack any previous metallicity estimates. Overall, the statist…
EMPRESS. XIII. Chemical Enrichments of Young Galaxies Near and Far at z ~ 0 and 4-10: Fe/O, Ar/O, S/O, and N/O Measurements with Chemical Evolution Model Comparisons
Chemical Cartography. II. The Assembly History of the Galactic Stellar Halo Traced by Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
我们提出了一个恒星星族在星系晕的运动学特性的分析,利用超过100,000个主要序列的关闭(MSTO)在斯隆数字巡天观测到的恒星。将星系晕划分为内晕区和外晕区后,根据样品中碳铁比的空间变化,我们发现外晕区的恒星具有明显的$-$ 49 $\pm$ 4 km s $^{-1}$的逆行运动和更接近球形的恒星轨道分布,而IHR中的恒星净自转为零($-$ 3 $\pm$ 1 km s $^{-1}$),恒星轨道的径向分布更加偏向。此外,我们将MSTO样本中的碳增强贫金属(CEMP)星在每个晕组分中分为CEMP-no和$s$子类,基于它们的绝对碳丰度,$A$(C),并检查与每个子类相关的空间分布和运动学。CEMP-no星是OHR中CEMP星的主要子类($\sim$ 65%),而IHR中CEMP星的少数子类($\sim$ 44%),类似于之前几次分析的结果。每个晕区的CEMP-无星比CEMP- $s$星表现出稍高的反旋,但在统计误差范围内。在每个晕区中,CEMP-no星的轨道分布也比CEMP- $s$星更接近球形。这些独特的特征提供了强有力的证据,证明许多低质量的卫星星系(类似于超暗矮星系)为OHR提供了恒星,而质量更大的矮星系则为IHR提供了主要贡献。
We report photometric estimates of effective temperature, $T_{\rm eff}$, metallicity, [Fe/H], carbonicity, [C/Fe], and absolute carbon abundances, $A{\rm (C)}$, for over 700,000 stars from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) Data Release 2, covering a substantial fraction of the equatorial Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82. We present an analysis for two stellar populations: 1) halo main-sequence turnoff stars and 2) K-dwarf stars of mass $0.58 < M/M_{\odot} <0.75$ in the Solar Neighborhood. Application of the Stellar Photometric Index Network Explorer (SPHINX) to the mixe…