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arXiv 0909.1513astro-ph.SR
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作为恒星参数函数的碳星尘埃驱动的质量损失- I。太阳-金属丰度风模型网格

Dust driven mass loss from carbon stars as a function of stellar parameters - I. A grid of Solar-metallicity wind models

Lars Mattsson, Rurik Wahlin, Susanne Hoefner

摘要:

[摘要]我们使用经过良好测试的计算机代码计算了900个数值动态模型大气(DMA)的网格。这个模型网格涵盖了大多数恒星参数的预期组合,这些参数包括恒星温度、恒星光度、恒星质量、可凝聚碳的丰度和脉动的速度振幅。由此产生的质量损失率和风速显然受到恒星温度、质量、光度和可用碳丰度的影响。在参数空间的某些部分,也有一个不可避免的质量损失阈值,低于该阈值,灰尘驱动的风是不可能的。与以前的一些研究相反,我们发现一个强烈的依赖于丰富的游离碳,这原来是一个关键参数。此外,我们发现,在大气中形成的尘埃颗粒可能会变得太大,以至于通常使用的尘埃不透明度的小颗粒近似是严格有效的。这可能与风的特性有关,尽管在得出定量结论之前需要对这个问题进行进一步研究。风的性质显示出相对简单的依赖于恒星参数以上的质量损失阈值,而阈值本身是一个更复杂的性质。因此,我们选择不导出任何简单的质量损失公式,而是以易于使用的FORTRAN例程的形式提供质量损失处方。由于这个质量损失程序是基于来自一个基本上自洽的质量损失模型的数据,因此,它可以作为一个更好的质量损失处方恒星演化计算比经验公式。此外,我们得出结论,仍然有一些问题需要调查,如晶粒尺寸的作用。

英文摘要:

[Abridged] We have computed a grid of 900 numeric dynamic model atmospheres (DMAs) using a well-tested computer code. This grid of models covers most of the expected combinations of stellar parameters, which are made up of the stellar temperature, the stellar luminosity, the stellar mass, the abundance of condensible carbon, and the velocity amplitude of the pulsation. The resultant mass-loss rates and wind speeds are clearly affected by the choice of stellar temperature, mass, luminosity and the abundance of available carbon. In certain parts of the parameter space there is also an inevitable mass-loss threshold, below which a dust-driven wind is not possible. Contrary to some previous studies, we find a strong dependence on the abundance of free carbon, which turns out to be a critical parameter. Furthermore, we have found that the dust grains that form in the atmosphere may grow too large for the commonly used small particle approximation of the dust opacity to be strictly valid. This may have some bearing on the wind properties, although further study of this problem is needed before quantitative conclusions can be drawn. The wind properties show relatively simple dependences on stellar parameters above the mass-loss threshold, while the threshold itself is of a more complicated nature. Hence, we chose not to derive any simplistic mass-loss formula, but rather provide a mass-loss prescription in the form of an easy-to-use FORTRAN routine. Since this mass-loss routine is based on data coming from an essentially self-consistent model of mass loss, it may therefore serve as a better mass-loss prescription for stellar evolution calculations than empirical formulae. Furthermore, we conclude that there are still some issues that need to be investigated, such as the role of grain-sizes.

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