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arXiv 1902.05352astro-ph.SR
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太阳和亚太阳金属丰度的碳星风模型:比较研究。I.质量损失和沙尘驱动风的特性

Carbon star wind models at solar and sub-solar metallicities: a comparative study. I. Mass loss and the properties of dust-driven winds

S. Bladh, K. Eriksson, P. Marigo, S. Liljegren, B. Aringer

摘要:

用一维球对称辐射流体动力学程序DARWIN模拟了C-型AGB星的大气和风。为了探索金属性依赖的质量损失,我们计算模型网格在三个不同的化学丰度。由于在AGB星演化的热脉冲过程中,碳可能会被疏浚出来,因此我们将碳丰度作为一个自由参数。这三个不同网格中的模型都有一个太阳质量的当前质量;有效温度为2600 K,2800 K,3000 K或3200 K;恒星光度等于log(L/Lsun)=3.70,3.85或4.00。这些模型表明,碳星的质量损失是由高光度,低有效温度和太阳和太阳下金属丰度的高碳过剩(C-O)促进的。类似的有效温度、光度和碳过剩的组合在太阳和太阳下的金属丰度都产生流出。这些风模型产生的质量损失率和风速在金属丰度方面没有大的系统差异,关于颗粒大小的分布或有多少碳凝结成尘埃也没有任何系统差异。与具有相同恒星参数和碳过剩的太阳金属丰度的DARWIN模型相比,太阳下金属丰度的DARWIN模型的质量损失率低约15%。对于太阳能和亚太阳能环境,典型的颗粒尺寸范围在0.1和0.5微米之间,凝聚碳的程度在5%和40%之间变化,气体与尘埃的比率在500和10000之间。此外,恒星演化模型可以使用的质量损失率从达尔文模型计算的太阳金属丰度时,模拟AGB阶段在太阳下的金属丰度,如果碳过剩作为临界丰度参数,而不是C/O比。

英文摘要:

The atmospheres and winds of C-type AGB stars are modeled with the 1D spherically symmetric radiation-hydrodynamical code DARWIN. To explore the metallicity-dependence of mass loss we calculate model grids at three different chemical abundances. Since carbon may be dredged up during the thermal pulses as AGB stars evolve, we keep the carbon abundance as a free parameter. The models in these three different grids all have a current mass of one solar mass; effective temperatures of 2600K, 2800K, 3000K, or 3200K; and stellar luminosities equal to log(L/Lsun)=3.70, 3.85, or 4.00. The models show that mass loss in carbon stars is facilitated by high luminosities, low effective temperatures, and a high carbon excess (C-O) at both solar and subsolar metallicities. Similar combinations of effective temperature, luminosity, and carbon excess produce outflows at both solar and subsolar metallicities. There are no large systematic differences in the mass-loss rates and wind velocities produced by these wind models with respect to metallicity, nor any systematic difference concerning the distribution of grain sizes or how much carbon is condensed into dust. DARWIN models at subsolar metallicity have approximately 15% lower mass-loss rates compared to DARWIN models at solar metallicity with the same stellar parameters and carbon excess. For both solar and subsolar environments typical grain sizes range between 0.1 and 0.5 micron, the degree of condensed carbon varies between 5% and 40%, and the gas-to-dust ratios between 500 and 10000. Furthermore, stellar evolution models can use the mass-loss rates calculated from DARWIN models at solar metallicity when modeling the AGB phase at subsolar metallicities if carbon excess is used as the critical abundance parameter instead of the C/O ratio.

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