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arXiv 1808.02161astro-ph.SR
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极端贫金属星的热盐混合

Thermohaline mixing in extremely metal-poor stars

Kate Henkel, Amanda I. Karakas, Andrew R. Casey, Ross P. Church, John C. Lattanzio

摘要:

极贫金属(EMP)星是早期宇宙拼图中不可或缺的一部分,尽管EMP星的异常子类,如碳增强贫金属(CEMP)星得到了很好的研究,但它们占所有[Fe/H] $\sim -3.0$的EMP星的不到一半。红巨星分支上发生的碳消耗量(碳抵消)被用来确定EMP星的演化状态,这种抵消在CEMP和正常EMP星之间会有所不同。在恒星模型中采用的消耗机制(碳抵消量的来源)是非常重要的,然而,文献中唯一广泛使用的碳抵消量是来自恒星模型,使用热盐混合机制,不能同时匹配碳和锂丰度的观察一个单一的扩散系数。我们的恒星演化模型利用了一个改进的热盐混合模型,可以匹配贫金属球状星团NGC 6397中的碳和锂。我们比较我们的模型,在[Fe/H] $= -3$的EMP星样品的大部分,并表明我们的修改后的模型遵循的趋势的观察和消耗较少的碳相比,标准的温盐混合理论。我们的结论是,恒星模型采用标准的热盐混合形式主义高估碳抵消,因此CEMP星的频率,特别是在金属丰度碳正常的恒星占主导地位的EMP星人口。

英文摘要:

Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are an integral piece in the puzzle that is the early Universe, and although anomolous subclasses of EMP stars such as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are well-studied, they make up less than half of all EMP stars with [Fe/H] $\sim -3.0$. The amount of carbon depletion occurring on the red giant branch (carbon offset) is used to determine the evolutionary status of EMP stars, and this offset will differ between CEMP and normal EMP stars. The depletion mechanism employed in stellar models (from which carbon offfsets are derived) is very important, however the only widely available carbon offsets in the literature are derived from stellar models using a thermohaline mixing mechanism that cannot simultaneously match carbon and lithium abundances to observations for a single diffusion coeffcient. Our stellar evolution models utilise a modified thermohaline mixing model that can match carbon and lithium in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 6397. We compare our models to the bulk of the EMP star sample at [Fe/H] $= -3$ and show that our modified models follow the trend of the observations and deplete less carbon compared to the standard thermohaline mixing theory. We conclude that stellar models that employ the standard thermohaline mixing formalism overestimate carbon offsets and hence CEMP star frequencies, particularly at metallicities where carbon-normal stars dominate the EMP star population.

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