Responding mechanically to environmental requests, muscles show a surprisingly large variety of functions. The studies of in vivo cycling muscles qualified skeletal muscles into four principal locomotor patterns: motor, brake, strut, and spring. While much effort of has been done in searching for muscle design patterns, no fundamental concepts underlying empirically established patterns were revealed. In this interdisciplinary study, continuum mechanics is applied to the problem of muscle structure in relation to function. The ability of a powering muscle, treated as a homogenous solid organ, tuned to efficient locomotion via the natural frequency is illuminated through the non-linear elastic muscle moduli controlled by contraction velocity. The exploration of the elastic force patterns known in solid state physics incorporated in activated skeletal and cardiac muscles via the mechanical similarity principle yields analytical rationalization for locomotor muscle patterns. Besides the explanation of the origin of muscle allometric exponents observed for muscles in legs of running animals and wings of flying birds, the striated muscles are patterned through primary and secondary activities expected to be useful in designing of artificial muscles and modeling living and extinct animals.
Modèle théorique de la contraction musculaire squelettique : ressorts entropiques, processus stochastiques et mécanique classique (A theoretical model of skeletal muscular contraction : entropic springs, stochastic processes and classical mechanics)
Deep Learning-based Prediction of Electrical Arrhythmia Circuits from Cardiac Motion: An In-Silico Study
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco（加州大学旧金山分校心血管研究所）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；College of Engineering, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学工程学院）；Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco（加州大学旧金山分校心脏病学系）
