用异速生长标度律观察哺乳动物的相似性
Observation of Mammalian Similarity Through Allometric Scaling Laws
摘要：
我们讨论了陆生哺乳动物骨骼进化中自然相似性的观察问题。分析是通过测试的功率标度定律建立在长骨异速生长，描述了发展的骨骼（长度$L$和直径$D$）与体重的增长指数，\QTR{it}{e.g.} $λ=d\log L/d\log D$。麦克马洪在30年前给出的骨骼尺寸演变方案，在预测$λ=2/3$的几何形状和机械力约束方面非常明确。这与Christiansen最近修订的哺乳动物异速生长指数$λ^{(\exp)}=0.80\pm 0.2$相差太远，后者是长骨异速生长的主要难题。因此，我们给新的见解麦克马洪的限制和报告的第一次观察的临界弹性力，弯曲变形，肌肉引起的机制，根据异速生长定律估计$λ=0.80\pm 0.3$。这种机制控制着骨骼大小的演变，避免了肌肉诱导的峰值应力引起的骨骼骨折，预计对小型和大型哺乳动物都是独一无二的。
英文摘要：
We discuss the problem of observation of natural similarity in skeletal evolution of terrestrial mammals. Analysis is given by means of testing of the power scaling laws established in long bone allometry, which describe development of bones (of length $L$ and diameter $D$) with body mass in terms of the growth exponents, \QTR{it}{e.g.} $λ=d\log L/d\log D$. The bone-size evolution scenario given three decades ago by McMahon was quiet explicit on the geometrical-shape and mechanical-force constraints that predicted $λ=2/3$. This remains too far from the mammalian allometric exponent $λ^{(\exp)}=0.80\pm 0.2$, recently revised by Christiansen, that is a chief puzzle in long bone allometry. We give therefore new insights into McMahon's constraints and report on the first observation of the critical-elastic-force, bending-deformation, muscle-induced mechanism that underlies the allometric law with estimated $λ=0.80\pm 0.3$. This mechanism governs the bone-size evolution with avoiding skeletal fracture caused by muscle-induced peak stresses and is expected to be unique for small and large mammals.
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