细胞的异质性可以解释代谢率的异速生长比例
Heterogeneity of cells may explain allometric scaling of metabolic rate
摘要：
代谢率异速生长标度的起源是生物学中一个长期存在的问题。已经提出了几种模型来解释的起源，但是，他们有优点和缺点。特别是，以前的模型只证明了两个重要的观察异速生长标度：标度指数的变异性和3/4幂律的优势。因此，这些模型的有效性存在争议。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个简单的几何模型，并表明，细胞的总表面积决定代谢率的假设可以重现这两个观察结合两个概念：细胞大小对代谢率和分形（分层）组织的影响。尽管考虑了几种不同的生物策略，但所提出的模型在理论上和数值上都证明了近似3/4幂定律。实证数据验证了模型的有效性。此外，该模型表明，细胞大小的异质性的异速生长的出现的重要性。该模型提供了直观和独特的见解异速生长的比例定律在生物学的起源，尽管该模型的一些限制。
英文摘要：
The origin of allometric scaling of metabolic rate is a long-standing question in biology. Several models have been proposed for explaining the origin; however, they have advantages and disadvantages. In particular, previous models only demonstrate either two important observations for the allometric scaling: the variability of scaling exponents and predominance of 3/4-power law. Thus, these models have a dispute over their validity. In this study, we propose a simple geometry model, and show that a hypothesis that total surface area of cells determines metabolic rate can reproduce these two observations by combining two concepts: the impact of cell sizes on metabolic rate and fractal-like (hierarchical) organization. The proposed model both theoretically and numerically demonstrates the approximately 3/4-power law although several different biological strategies are considered. The model validity is confirmed using empirical data. Furthermore, the model suggests the importance of heterogeneity of cell size for the emergence of the allometric scaling. The proposed model provides intuitive and unique insights into the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology, despite several limitations of the model.
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