Parking-Resolved：跨物种癌症风险的异速生长标度
Paradox resolved: The allometric scaling of cancer risk across species
摘要：
了解癌症的跨物种行为对于揭示癌症发生的基本机制以及在物种之间转换模型系统的结果非常重要。最著名的癌症种间考虑因素之一是Peto悖论，它断言具有巨大不同体重的生物体预计具有巨大不同程度的癌症风险，这种模式没有经验观察到。在这里，我们表明，这一观察结果是不是一个悖论，但自然遵循种间缩放的代谢率在哺乳动物的身体大小。我们将代谢异速生长与组织中癌症发展的进化模型联系起来，以表明癌症的等待时间与体重的比例与正常生物体寿命的方式相似。因此，对哺乳动物的预期是，终生癌症风险与体重无关。因此，Peto的观察结果并不是一个悖论，而是种间代谢和生理尺度的自然预期。这些异速生长模式对理解寿命进化具有理论意义，对使用较小动物作为人类癌症模型系统具有实际意义。
英文摘要：
Understanding the cross-species behavior of cancer is important for uncovering fundamental mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and for translating results of model systems between species. One of the most famous interspecific considerations of cancer is Peto's paradox, which asserts that organisms with vastly different body mass are expected to have a vastly different degree of cancer risk, a pattern that is not observed empirically. Here we show that this observation is not a paradox at all but follows naturally from the interspecific scaling of metabolic rates across mammalian body size. We connect metabolic allometry to evolutionary models of cancer development in tissues to show that waiting time to cancer scales with body mass in a similar way as normal organism lifespan does. Thus, the expectation across mammals is that lifetime cancer risk is invariant with body mass. Peto's observation is therefore not a paradox, but the natural expectation from interspecific scaling of metabolism and physiology. These allometric patterns have theoretical implications for understanding life span evolution, and practical implications for using smaller animals as model systems for human cancer.
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