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arXiv 0909.0888astro-ph.SR
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关于O型星周围盘的存在和不存在

On the presence and absence of disks around O-type stars

Jorick S. Vink, B. Davies, T. J. Harries, R. D. Oudmaijer, N. R. Walborn

摘要:

作为长时间伽马射线暴的最佳祖先,大质量恒星可能是我们在早期宇宙中单个物体的最佳路标,但似乎需要特殊的条件才能形成这些暴,这可能源于祖先的快速旋转和相关的不对称性。为了获得经验约束恒星自转和风的不对称性之间的相互作用,我们进行线性Halpha spectropolarimetry的样本18光谱奇特的大质量O型恒星,包括OVZ,的?p,Oe和Onfp星,并补充了早期的20个O超巨星样本。尽管它们的自转速度很快(vsin(i)高达400 km/s),但大多数O型星都是球对称的,但在特定的天体类别中有明显的例外。我们将特殊的O星分为四个不同的类别:第III和IV组包括Oe星和Onfp星,它们位于O星旋转分布的高端尾部,过去被认为是嵌入在盘中。在这里,我们报告的检测经典的去极化“线效应”的Oe星HD 45314,但Oe星之间的线效应的整体发病率显着低于(1出6)之间的Be星。Oe和Be数据集来自同一母体群体的可能性可以忽略不计(95%置信度)。这意味着还没有证据表明Oe星存在盘假说,这对Be现象的物理机制提供了相关的限制。最后,我们发现,4个第IV组的Onfp星中有3个显示出复杂的偏振效应的证据,这可能与快速旋转有关,我们推测与B[e]星的进化联系。

英文摘要:

(abridged) As the favoured progenitors of long-duration gamma-ray bursts, massive stars may represent our best signposts of individual objects in the early Universe, but special conditions seem required to make these bursters, which might originate from the progenitor's rapid rotation and associated asymmetry. To obtain empirical constraints on the interplay between stellar rotation and wind asymmetry, we perform linear Halpha spectropolarimetry on a sample of 18 spectroscopically peculiar massive O stars, including OVz, Of?p, Oe, and Onfp stars, supplemented by an earlier sample of 20 O supergiants. Despite their rapid rotation (with vsin(i) up to 400 km/s) most O-type stars are found to be spherically symmetric, but with notable exceptions amongst specific object classes. We divide the peculiar O stars into four distinct categories: Groups III and IV include the Oe stars and Onfp stars, which are on the high-end tail of the O star rotation distribution and have in the past been claimed to be embedded in disks. Here we report the detection of a classical depolarization ``line effect'' in the Oe star HD 45314, but the overall incidence of line effects amongst Oe stars is significantly lower (1 out of 6) than amongst Be stars. The chance that the Oe and Be datasets are drawn from the same parent population is negligible (with 95% confidence). This implies there is as yet no evidence for a disk hypothesis in Oe stars, providing relevant constraints on the physical mechanism that is responsible for the Be phenomenon. Finally, we find that 3 out of 4 of the group IV Onfp stars show evidence for complex polarization effects, which are likely related to rapid rotation, and we speculate on the evolutionary links to B[e] stars.

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