To better understand the physical properties of accretion disks in high-mass star formation, we present a study of a 12 high-mass accretion disk candidates observed at high spatial resolution with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in the NH3 (4,4) and (5,5) lines. Almost all sources were detected in NH3, directly associated with CH3OH Class II maser emission. From the remaining eleven sources, six show clear signatures of rotation and/or infall motions. These signatures vary from velocity gradients perpendicular to the outflows, to infall signatures in absorption against ultracompact HII regions, to more spherical infall signatures in emission. Although our spatial resolution is ~1000AU, we do not find clear Keplerian signatures in any of the sources. Furthermore, we also do not find flattened structures. In contrast to this, in several of the sources with rotational signatures, the spatial structure is approximately spherical with sizes exceeding 10^4 AU, showing considerable clumpy sub-structure at even smaller scales. This implies that on average typical Keplerian accretion disks -- if they exist as expected -- should be confined to regions usually smaller than 1000AU. It is likely that these disks are fed by the larger-scale rotating envelope structure we observe here. Furthermore, we do detect 1.25cm continuum emission in most fields of view.
Measuring Protoplanetary Disk Accretion with H I Pf-beta
在这项工作中,我们介绍了使用H I Pfund-β(4.6538微米)作为一个示踪剂的质量吸积从原行星盘到年轻的恒星。Pf-β是在NIRSPEC和CRIRES的CO基本发射调查中偶然发现的,样本量为120颗年轻恒星,检测到Pf-β发射。使用一个子样本的磁盘与先前测得的吸积光度,我们表明,Pf-beta线光度是很好的相关吸积光度在至少三个数量级的范围内。我们使用这种相关性,以获得吸积光度为所有120个目标,其中65个是以前未报道的文献。我们还报告了67个目标的吸积率,其中16个以前未测量过。我们的大样本量和探测高消光值的能力允许在不同类型的磁盘之间进行相对公正的比较。我们发现,在我们的样本中的过渡盘具有低于平均的Pf-beta线光度,因此吸积光度,在一个轻微的显着水平。我们还表明,高的Pf-beta等效宽度是一个签名的过渡磁盘与高内部磁盘的气体/尘埃比。相比之下,我们发现,磁盘的签名缓慢的磁盘风的PF-β光度相媲美的其他磁盘在我们的样本。最后,我们调查吸积率阶段I磁盘,包括显着嵌入的目标。我们发现,第一阶段和第二阶段磁盘具有统计上难以区分的Pf-β线光度,这意味着类似的吸积率,和阶段I磁盘的吸积率太低,是一致的静态吸积。相反,我们的研究结果是一致的观测和理论证据表明,第一阶段的对象经历情节,而不是静止,吸积。
Twisted Pseudodisk and Asymmetric Mass Accretion on the Circumstellar Disk
Kyushu University(九州大学);University of Western Ontario(韦仕敦大学);Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学理论天体物理研究所);Kanagawa University(神奈川大学)
Disk-mediated accretion burst in a high-mass young stellar object
太阳质量的恒星通过星周盘吸积(盘介导吸积)形成。最近的研究结果表明,这一过程可能是以吸积爆发的形式出现的,可能是由磁盘碎片造成的。虽然不能排除高质量的年轻恒星天体(HMYSO; $M>$ 8 M $_\odot$,$L_{bol}>$ 5 $\times$ 10 $^3$ L $_\odot$)是由它们的低质量兄弟合并而成,但最新的结果表明它们更可能是通过盘形成的。因此,盘介导的吸积爆发应该发生。在这里,我们报告的第一个磁盘介导的吸积爆发的$\sim$ 20 M $_\odot$ HMYSO的发现。我们的近红外图像显示了中央源及其流出空腔的增亮。近红外线光谱揭示了低质量原恒星吸积爆发的典型发射线,但数量级更明亮。此外,释放的能量和推断的质量吸积率也大了几个数量级。我们的研究结果确定磁盘吸积作为恒星形成的共同机制,在整个恒星质量谱。