The most massive stars can form via standard disk accretion - despite of the radiation pressure generated - due to the fact that the massive accretion disk yields a strong anisotropy in the radiation field, releasing most of the radiation pressure perpendicular to the disk accretion flow. Here, we analyze the self-gravity of the forming circumstellar disk as the potential major driver of the angular momentum transport in such massive disks responsible for the high accretion rates needed for the formation of massive stars. For this purpose, we perform self-gravity radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the collapse of massive pre-stellar cores. The formation and evolution of the resulting circumstellar disk is investigated in 1.) axially symmetric simulations using an alpha-shear-viscosity prescription and 2.) a three-dimensional simulation, in which the angular momentum transport is provided self-consistently by developing gravitational torques in the self-gravitating accretion disk. The simulation series of different strength of the alpha-viscosity shows that the accretion history of the forming star is mostly independent of the alpha-viscosity-parameter. The accretion history of the three-dimensional run driven by self-gravity is more time-dependent than the viscous disk evolution in axial symmetry. The mean accretion rate, i.e. the stellar mass growth, is nearly identical to the alpha-viscosity models. We conclude that the development of gravitational torques in self-gravitating disks around forming massive stars provides a self-consistent mechanism to efficiently transport the angular momentum to outer disk radii. Also the formation of the most massive stars can therefore be understood in the standard accretion disk scenario.
Measuring Protoplanetary Disk Accretion with H I Pf-beta
在这项工作中,我们介绍了使用H I Pfund-β(4.6538微米)作为一个示踪剂的质量吸积从原行星盘到年轻的恒星。Pf-β是在NIRSPEC和CRIRES的CO基本发射调查中偶然发现的,样本量为120颗年轻恒星,检测到Pf-β发射。使用一个子样本的磁盘与先前测得的吸积光度,我们表明,Pf-beta线光度是很好的相关吸积光度在至少三个数量级的范围内。我们使用这种相关性,以获得吸积光度为所有120个目标,其中65个是以前未报道的文献。我们还报告了67个目标的吸积率,其中16个以前未测量过。我们的大样本量和探测高消光值的能力允许在不同类型的磁盘之间进行相对公正的比较。我们发现,在我们的样本中的过渡盘具有低于平均的Pf-beta线光度,因此吸积光度,在一个轻微的显着水平。我们还表明,高的Pf-beta等效宽度是一个签名的过渡磁盘与高内部磁盘的气体/尘埃比。相比之下,我们发现,磁盘的签名缓慢的磁盘风的PF-β光度相媲美的其他磁盘在我们的样本。最后,我们调查吸积率阶段I磁盘,包括显着嵌入的目标。我们发现,第一阶段和第二阶段磁盘具有统计上难以区分的Pf-β线光度,这意味着类似的吸积率,和阶段I磁盘的吸积率太低,是一致的静态吸积。相反,我们的研究结果是一致的观测和理论证据表明,第一阶段的对象经历情节,而不是静止,吸积。
Twisted Pseudodisk and Asymmetric Mass Accretion on the Circumstellar Disk
Kyushu University(九州大学);University of Western Ontario(韦仕敦大学);Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学理论天体物理研究所);Kanagawa University(神奈川大学)
Disk-mediated accretion burst in a high-mass young stellar object
太阳质量的恒星通过星周盘吸积(盘介导吸积)形成。最近的研究结果表明,这一过程可能是以吸积爆发的形式出现的,可能是由磁盘碎片造成的。虽然不能排除高质量的年轻恒星天体(HMYSO; $M>$ 8 M $_\odot$,$L_{bol}>$ 5 $\times$ 10 $^3$ L $_\odot$)是由它们的低质量兄弟合并而成,但最新的结果表明它们更可能是通过盘形成的。因此,盘介导的吸积爆发应该发生。在这里,我们报告的第一个磁盘介导的吸积爆发的$\sim$ 20 M $_\odot$ HMYSO的发现。我们的近红外图像显示了中央源及其流出空腔的增亮。近红外线光谱揭示了低质量原恒星吸积爆发的典型发射线,但数量级更明亮。此外,释放的能量和推断的质量吸积率也大了几个数量级。我们的研究结果确定磁盘吸积作为恒星形成的共同机制,在整个恒星质量谱。
Global simulations of accretion flows onto perturbers embedded in magnetized disks -I. MRI and jet formation in ideal MHD
Charles University(查理大学);Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所);Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute(尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院,尼尔斯·玻尔研究所)