在这项工作中,我们介绍了使用H I Pfund-β(4.6538微米)作为一个示踪剂的质量吸积从原行星盘到年轻的恒星。Pf-β是在NIRSPEC和CRIRES的CO基本发射调查中偶然发现的,样本量为120颗年轻恒星,检测到Pf-β发射。使用一个子样本的磁盘与先前测得的吸积光度,我们表明,Pf-beta线光度是很好的相关吸积光度在至少三个数量级的范围内。我们使用这种相关性,以获得吸积光度为所有120个目标,其中65个是以前未报道的文献。我们还报告了67个目标的吸积率,其中16个以前未测量过。我们的大样本量和探测高消光值的能力允许在不同类型的磁盘之间进行相对公正的比较。我们发现,在我们的样本中的过渡盘具有低于平均的Pf-beta线光度,因此吸积光度,在一个轻微的显着水平。我们还表明,高的Pf-beta等效宽度是一个签名的过渡磁盘与高内部磁盘的气体/尘埃比。相比之下,我们发现,磁盘的签名缓慢的磁盘风的PF-β光度相媲美的其他磁盘在我们的样本。最后,我们调查吸积率阶段I磁盘,包括显着嵌入的目标。我们发现,第一阶段和第二阶段磁盘具有统计上难以区分的Pf-β线光度,这意味着类似的吸积率,和阶段I磁盘的吸积率太低,是一致的静态吸积。相反,我们的研究结果是一致的观测和理论证据表明,第一阶段的对象经历情节,而不是静止,吸积。
英文摘要:
In this work, we introduce the use of H I Pfund-beta (4.6538 micron) as a tracer of mass accretion from protoplanetary disks onto young stars. Pf-beta was serendipitously observed in NIRSPEC and CRIRES surveys of CO fundamental emission, amounting to a sample size of 120 young stars with detected Pf-beta emission. Using a subsample of disks with previously measured accretion luminosities, we show that Pf-beta line luminosity is well correlated with accretion luminosity over a range of at least three orders of magnitude. We use this correlation to derive accretion luminosities for all 120 targets, 65 of which are previously unreported in the literature. We also report accretion rates for 67 targets, 16 previously unmeasured. Our large sample size and our ability to probe high extinction values allow for relatively unbiased comparisons between different types of disks. We find that the transitional disks in our sample have lower than average Pf-beta line luminosities, and thus accretion luminosities, at a marginally significant level. We also show that high Pf-beta equivalent width is a signature of transitional disks with high inner disk gas/dust ratios. In contrast, we find that disks with signatures of slow disk winds have Pf-beta luminosities comparable to those of other disks in our sample. Finally, we investigate accretion rates for stage I disks, including significantly embedded targets. We find that stage I and stage II disks have statistically indistinguishable Pf-beta line luminosities, implying similar accretion rates, and that the accretion rates of stage I disks are too low to be consistent with quiescent accretion. Our results are instead consistent with both observational and theoretical evidence that stage I objects experience episodic, rather than quiescent, accretion.
Beyond the $α$ model: scaling the wind-driven accretion rate in protoplanetary disks using systematic non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical simulations
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo(东京科学地球与行星科学系);Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University(清华大学高等研究院天文学系)
Modeling the Protoplanetary Disks of Two Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
测量褐矮星周围原行星盘的性质对于理解褐矮星及其行星同伴的形成至关重要。我们提出了CFHT Tau 4和2 M0444的模型,这两颗棕矮星在金牛座分子云中具有原行星盘。通过结合建模的光谱能量分布和ALMA图像,我们得到这些对象的磁盘半径和质量,这些参数可以用来约束褐矮星的形成和行星形成,分别。我们发现CFHT Tau 4周围的圆盘质量为0.42 M $_{Jup}$,半径为80 au;我们发现2 M 0444的圆盘质量为2.05 M $_{Jup}$,半径为100 au。这些半径是更一致的理论模拟预测的褐矮星形成通过不受干扰的冷凝从质量水库比那些预测的喷射从形成区域。此外,2 M 0444的盘质量表明,在这个盘中可能有行星形成,尽管2 M 0444的盘质量可能不足以形成行星。这里测量的磁盘属性提供了限制褐矮星形成的理论模型和它们的行星同伴的形成。
Complex organic molecules in protoplanetary disks: X-ray photodesorption from methanol-containing ices. Part II -- Mixed methanol-CO and methanol-H2O ices
Perspectives for the study of gas in protoplanetary disks and accretion/ejection phenomena in young stars with the near-IR spectrograph SPIROU at the CFHT
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). X. Studying deuteration at high angular resolution toward protoplanetary disks
氘分馏取决于各种物理和化学参数。因此,太阳系中物质的形成位置和热历史往往是通过测量其D/H比来研究的。这就需要了解行星形成时期的氘化过程。我们的目标是研究这些过程,通过径向分辨DCN/HCN(在0.3”分辨率)和N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$(0.3至0.9”)柱密度比对五个原行星盘观测的分子与ALMA在行星形成尺度(MAPS)大计划。在所有五个来源中检测到DCN,其中一个是新报告的检测。N $_2$ D $^+$在四个来源中检测到,其中两个是新报告的检测。我们推导出柱密度分布,使我们能够在高分辨率下研究DCN/HCN和N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$比率的空间变化。DCN/HCN对于磁盘的不同部分变化很大,范围从$10^{-3}$到$10^{-1}$。特别是,与外盘相比,内盘区域通常显示出显著较低的HCN氘代。此外,我们的分析证实,两个氘分馏通道是活跃的,这可以改变的D/H比内池的有机分子。在$\sim$ 50 au以外的冷外部区域发现了N $_2$ D $^+$,在整个盘样品中,N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$的范围在$10^{-2}$和1之间。这与理论预期的N $_2$ H $^+$氘化仅通过低温通道进行是一致的。本文是《天体物理学杂志增刊》MAPS特刊的一部分。
Variation of the disk thickness across ice bands: A method to determine ice abundances in highly inclined protoplanetary disks
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,IPAG);Astronomy Department, University of California Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校天文学系);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(喷气推进实验室,加州理工学院);Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo(东京大学地球行星科学系);Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校化学系);Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay(奥赛分子科学学院,法国国家科学研究中心,巴黎萨克雷大学);CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire PIIM(法国国家科学研究中心,艾克斯-马赛大学,PIIM实验室)
H$_2^{18}$O in the terrestrial planet-forming regions of protoplanetary disks
Vassar College(瓦萨学院);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院地质与行星科学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校天文学系);Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Department of Physics, Texas State University(德克萨斯州立大学物理系);Weber State University(韦伯州立大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文学系);Astrophysics & Space Institute, Schmidt Sciences(施密特科学天体物理学与空间研究所);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter(埃克塞特大学物理与天文系);Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland(马里兰大学天文学系)