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arXiv 0908.3054cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.mes-hall
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类石墨烯二维电子系统中的质量:序参量中的拓扑缺陷及其分数交换统计

Masses in graphene-like two-dimensional electronic systems: topological defects in order parameters and their fractional exchange statistics

Shinsei Ryu, Christopher Mudry, Chang-Yu Hou, Claudio Chamon

摘要:

我们将石墨烯类结构中所有可能的36种间隙开放不稳定性分为两个维度,即,质量狄拉克哈密顿量时,自旋,谷,和超导通道。这36个序参量分解成56个可能的五重质量,它们以正交方式相加,因此不竞争,因此可以共存。另外还有一个第六个竞争质量,这是Haldman为了在没有磁场的情况下在石墨烯中获得量子霍尔效应而添加的,它打破了时间反演对称性,并与任何五重态中的所有其他质量竞争。这些5维序参量中的拓扑缺陷一般可以将激发与分数化的量子数结合。如果我们考虑没有超导性的自旋旋转不变系统,问题就大大简化了。在这样的简化系统中,可能的质量只有4,对应于凯库勒二聚模式,交错化学势和Halfenstein质量。凯库勒模式中的涡旋是拓扑缺陷,在存在Halfenstein项的情况下具有阿贝尔分数统计。我们通过积分出有质量的费米子和构造系统的有效场论来计算统计角。最后,我们讨论了如何可以有一般的非朗道-金兹伯格型过渡,直接过渡的特点是不同的序参量的相位之间。

英文摘要:

We classify all possible 36 gap-opening instabilities in graphene-like structures in two dimensions, i.e., masses of Dirac Hamiltonian when the spin, valley, and superconducting channels are included. These 36 order parameters break up into 56 possible quintuplets of masses that add in quadrature, and hence do not compete and thus can coexist. There is additionally a 6th competing mass, the one added by Haldane to obtain the quantum Hall effect in graphene without magnetic fields, that breaks time-reversal symmetry and competes with all other masses in any of the quintuplets. Topological defects in these 5-dimensional order parameters can generically bind excitations with fractionalized quantum numbers. The problem simplifies greatly if we consider spin-rotation invariant systems without superconductivity. In such simplified systems, the possible masses are only 4 and correspond to the Kekulé dimerization pattern, the staggered chemical potential, and the Haldane mass. Vortices in the Kekulé pattern are topological defects that have Abelian fractional statistics in the presence of the Haldane term. We calculate the statistical angle by integrating out the massive fermions and constructing the effective field theory for the system. Finally, we discuss how one can have generically non-Landau-Ginzburg-type transitions, with direct transitions between phases characterized by distinct order parameters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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