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arXiv 0908.1080cond-mat.mes-hall
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量子点接触中的横向自旋轨道相互作用和自旋极化

Lateral spin-orbit interaction and spin polarization in quantum point contacts

Anh T. Ngo, P. Debray, Sergio Ulloa

摘要:

我们研究了在不同的限制几何和外加场下半导体量子点接触系统的弹道输运。特别是,我们调查如何{ \em横向}自旋轨道耦合,引入不对称的横向限制势,影响电流的自旋极化。我们发现,即使在没有外部磁场的情况下,一个可变的{ \em非零自旋极化}可以通过控制非对称形状的限制势。这些结果为制备自旋极化电子源提供了一种新的途径,并研究了这种现象与结构参数和外加磁场的关系。这种不对称诱导的极化也为我们最近在InAs量子阱结构上制成的量子点接触中观察到的0.5电导平台(以$2e^2/h$为单位)提供了一个合理的解释。虽然我们对这些系统中所需的自旋-轨道相互作用强度的估计不支持这一解释,但它们可能在电子-电子相互作用增强的效应中发挥作用。

英文摘要:

We study ballistic transport through semiconductor quantum point contact systems under different confinement geometries and applied fields. In particular, we investigate how the {\em lateral} spin-orbit coupling, introduced by asymmetric lateral confinement potentials, affects the spin polarization of the current. We find that even in the absence of external magnetic fields, a variable {\em non-zero spin polarization} can be obtained by controlling the asymmetric shape of the confinement potential. These results suggest a new approach to produce spin polarized electron sources and we study the dependence of this phenomenon on structural parameters and applied magnetic fields. This asymmetry-induced polarization provides also a plausible explanation of our recent observations of a 0.5 conductance plateau (in units of $2e^2/h$) in quantum point contacts made on InAs quantum-well structures. Although our estimates of the required spin-orbit interaction strength in these systems do not support this explanation, they likely play a role in the effects enhanced by electron-electron interactions.

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