Complex Dynamics and Synchronization of Delayed-Feedback Nonlinear Oscillators
Thomas E. Murphy, Adam B. Cohen, Bhargava Ravoori, Karl R. B. Schmitt, Anurag V. Setty, Francesco Sorrentino, Caitlin R. S. Williams, Edward Ott, Rajarshi Roy
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24 pages, 13 figures. To appear in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (special theme issue to accompany 2009 International Workshop on Delayed Complex Systems)
We describe a flexible and modular delayed-feedback nonlinear oscillator that is capable of generating a wide range of dynamical behaviours, from periodic oscillations to high-dimensional chaos. The oscillator uses electrooptic modulation and fibre-optic transmission, with feedback and filtering implemented through real-time digital-signal processing. We consider two such oscillators that are coupled to one another, and we identify the conditions under which they will synchronize. By examining the rates of divergence or convergence between two coupled oscillators, we quantify the maximum Lyapunov exponents or transverse Lyapunov exponents of the system, and we present an experimental method to determine these rates that does not require a mathematical model of the system. Finally, we demonstrate a new adaptive control method that keeps two oscillators synchronized even when the coupling between them is changing unpredictably.
In this paper, we study synchronization in the delayed discrete-time complex networks. Several criterions of synchronization stability for such networks are established. And illustrative examples are presented. The numerical simulations coincide with the theoretical analysis.
Synchronization of chaotic units coupled by their time delayed variables are investigated analytically. A new type of cooperative behavior is found: sublattice synchronization. Although the units of one sublattice are not directly coupled to each other, they completely synchronize without time delay. The chaotic trajectories of different sublattices are only weakly correlated but not related by generalized synchronization. Nevertheless, the trajectory of one sublattice is predictable from the complete trajectory of the other one. The spectra of Lyapunov exponents are calculated analytically in…
We investigate synchronization between two unidirectionally linearly coupled chaotic non-identical time-delayed systems and show that parameter mismatches are of crucial importance to achieve synchronization. We establish that independent of the relation between the delay time in the coupled systems and the coupling delay time, only retarded synchronization with the coupling delay time is obtained. We show that with parameter mismatch or without it neither complete nor anticipating synchronization occurs. We derive existence and stability conditions for the retarded synchronization manifold. W…
We report a design of delay coupling for targeting desired synchronization in delay dynamical systems. We target synchronization, antisynchronization, lag-, antilag- synchronization, amplitude death (or oscillation death) and generalized synchronization in mismatched oscillators. A scaling of the size of an attractor is made possible in different synchronization regimes. We realize a type of mixed synchronization where synchronization, antisynchronization coexist in different pairs of state variables of the coupled system. We establish the stability condition of synchronization using the Kraso…
We present an analytical investigation of exact anticipating synchronization between two bi-idirectionally coupled time-delayed systems in the case when these systems are governed by two characteristic times: the delay time in the coupling and the delay time in the coupled systems. We apply our approach to interpret the results of recent first experimental observation of anticipating chaos synchronization in external cavity semiconductor lasers with optical feedback.We establish that our approach can explain the experimental results only for special cases.
We study the synchronization of time-delayed nonidentical maps subject to unidirectional (master-slave) coupling. The individual dynamics of the maps have a delay n1, and the coupling acts with a delay n2. We show analytically that, suitably tuning the slave map parameters, two distinct synchronization regimes can occur. In one regime the lag time between the slave and the master maps is given by the delay of the coupling, n2, while in the other regime is given by the difference between the delays, n1-n2. We analyze the effect of the coupling strength on the different synchronization regimes i…
We investigate synchronization in the presence of delay time modulation for application to communication. We have observed that the robust synchronization is established by a common delay signal and its threshold is presented using Lyapunov exponents analysis. The influence of the delay time modulation in chaotic oscillators is also discussed.
For the first time, using a modified Ikeda model it is demonstrated analytically that anticipating synchronization can be obtained in chaotic time-delay systems governed by two characteristic delay times. We derive existence and stability conditions for the dual-time anticipating synchronization manifold. We also show that increased anticipation times for chaotic time-delay systems with two characteristic delay times can be obtained by the use of cascaded systems.
The chaotic spike train of a homoclinic dynamical system is self-synchronized by re-inserting a small fraction of the delayed output. Due to the sensitive nature of the homoclinic chaos to external perturbations, stabilization of very long periodic orbits is possible. On these orbits, the dynamics appears chaotic over a finite time, but then it repeats with a recurrence time that is slightly longer than the delay time. The effect, called delayed self-synchronization (DSS), displays analogies with neurodynamic events which occur in the build-up of long term memories.
The present paper explores the synchronization scenario of hyperchaotic time-delayed electronic oscillators coupled indirectly via a common environment. We show that depending upon the coupling parameters a hyperchaotic time-delayed system can show in-phase or complete synchronization, and also inverse-phase or anti-synchronization. This paper reports the first experimental confirmation of synchronization of hyperchaos in time-delayed electronic oscillators coupled indirectly through a common environment. We confirm the occurrence of in-phase and inverse-phase synchronization phenomena in the …
Networks of nonlinear units with time-delayed couplings can synchronize to a common chaotic trajectory. Although the delay time may be very large, the units can synchronize completely without time shift. For networks of coupled Bernoulli maps, analytic results are derived for the stability of the chaotic synchronization manifold. For a single delay time, chaos synchronization is related to the spectral gap of the coupling matrix. For networks with multiple delay times, analytic results are obtained from the theory of polynomials. Finally, the analytic results are compared with networks of iter…
We discuss the synchronization of coupled neurons which are modelled as FitzHugh-Nagumo systems. As smallest entity in a larger network, we focus on two diffusively coupled subsystems, which can be interpreted as two mutually interacting neural populations. Each system is prepared in the excitable regime and subject to independent random fluctuations. In order to modify their cooperative dynamics, we apply a local external stimulus in form of an extended time-delayed feedback loop that involves multiple delays weighted by a memory parameter and investigate if local control applied to a subsyst…
We report the first experimental demonstration of chaotic phase synchronization (CPS) in unidirectionally coupled time-delay systems using electronic circuits. We have also implemented experimentally an efficient methodology for characterizing CPS, namely the localized sets. Snapshots of the evolution of coupled systems and the sets as observed from the oscilloscope confirming CPS are shown experimentally. Numerical results from different approaches, namely phase differences, localized sets, changes in the largest Lyapunov exponents and the correlation of probability of recurrence ($C_{CPR}$),…
The attractor dimension at the transition to complete synchronization in a network of chaotic units with time-delayed couplings is investigated. In particular, we determine the Kaplan-Yorke dimension from the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for iterated maps and for two coupled semiconductor lasers. We argue that the Kaplan-Yorke dimension must be discontinuous at the transition and compare it to the correlation dimension. For a system of Bernoulli maps we indeed find a jump in the correlation dimension. The magnitude of the discontinuity in the Kaplan-Yorke dimension is calculated for networks…
We study impact of multiplexing on the global phase synchronizability of different layers in the delayed coupled multiplex networks. We find that at strong couplings, the multiplexing induces the global synchronization in sparse networks. The introduction of global synchrony depends on the connection density of the layers being multiplexed, which further depends on the underlying network architecture. Moreover, multiplexing may lead to a transition from a quasi-periodic or chaotic evolution to a periodic evolution. For the periodic case, the multiplexing may lead to a change in the period of t…
We study chaotic synchronization in networks with time-delayed coupling. We introduce the notion of strong and weak chaos, distinguished by the scaling properties of the maximum Lyapunov exponent within the synchronization manifold for large delay times, and relate this to the condition for stable or unstable chaotic synchronization, respectively. In simulations of laser models and experiments with electronic circuits, we identify transitions from weak to strong and back to weak chaos upon monotonically increasing the coupling strength.
In the real world, many complex systems are represented not by single networks but rather by sets of interdependent ones. In these specific networks, nodes in one network mutually interact with nodes in other networks. This paper focuses on a simple representative case of two-layer networks (the so-called duplex networks) with unidirectional inter-layer couplings. That is, each node in one network depends on a counterpart in the other network. Accordingly, the former network is called the response layer and the latter network is the drive layer. Specifically, synchronization between each node …
The synchronization process of two mutually delayed coupled deterministic chaotic maps is demonstrated both analytically and numerically. The synchronization is preserved when the mutually transmitted signal is concealed by two commutative private filters that are placed on each end of the communication channel. We demonstrate that when the transmitted signal is a convolution of the truncated time delayed output signals or some powers of the delayed output signals synchronization is still maintained. The task of a passive attacker is mapped onto Hilbert's tenth problem, solving a set of nonlin…
We numerically investigate the critical behavior of the synchronization transition of two unidirectionally coupled delayed chaotic systems. We map the problem to a spatially extended system to show that the synchronization transition in delayed systems exhibits universal critical properties. We find that the synchronization transition is absorbing and generically belongs to the universality class of the bounded Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, as occurs in the case of extended systems. We also argue that directed percolation critical behavior may emerge for systems with strong nonlinearities
An oscillatory system can have clockwise and anticlockwise senses of rotation. We propose a general rule how to obtain counter-rotating oscillators from the definition of a dynamical system and then investigate synchronization. A type of mixed synchronization emerges in counter-rotating oscillators under diffusive scalar coupling when complete synchronization and antisynchronization coexist in different state variables. Stability conditions of mixed synchronization are obtained analytically in Rossler oscillator and Lorenz system. Experimental evidences of mixed synchronization are given for l…
This paper deals with two types of synchronous behavior of chaotic oscillators -- generalized synchronization and noise--induced synchronization. It has been shown that both these types of synchronization are caused by similar mechanisms and should be considered as the same type of the chaotic oscillator behavior. The mechanisms resulting in the generalized synchronization are mostly similar to ones taking place in the case of the noise-induced synchronization with biased noise.
Effects of synchronization in a system of two coupled oscillators with time-delayed feedback are investigated. Phase space of a system with time delay is infinite-dimensional. Thus, the picture of synchronization in such systems acquires many new features not inherent to finite-dimensional ones. A picture of oscillation modes in cases of identical and non-identical coupled oscillators is studied in detail. Periodical structure of amplitude death and "broadband synchronization" zones is investigated. Such a behavior occurs due to the resonances between different modes of the infinite-dimensiona…
The synchronization of chaotic lasers and the optical phase synchronization of light originating in multiple coupled lasers have both been extensively studied, however, the interplay between these two phenomena, especially at the network level is unexplored. Here we experimentally compare chaos synchronization of laser networks with heterogeneous coupling delay times to phase synchronization of similar networks. While chaotic lasers exhibit deterioration in synchronization as the network time delay heterogeneity increases, phase synchronization is found to be independent of heterogeneity. The …
We investigate phase synchronization between two identical or detuned response oscillators coupled to a slightly different drive oscillator. Our result is that phase synchronization can occur between response oscillators when they are driven by correlated (but not identical) inputs from the drive oscillator. We call this phenomenon Generalized Phase Synchronization (GPS) and clarify its characteristics using Lyapunov exponents and phase difference plots.
In this letter we consider a prototype model which is described as an autonomous continuous time delayed differential equation with just one variable. The chaos has been investigated with variable delay time and the synchronization phenomenon is examined both numerically and analytically using the Krasovskii-Lyapunov functions. We have applied adaptive coupling law for synchronization,where the coupling equation also contains delay with modulated time. We also studied the effect of cryptography for this coupled system and the message extraction procedure is illustrated with the help of simulat…
Topologies of two, three and four time-delay-coupled chaotic semiconductor lasers are experimentally and theoretically found to show new types of synchronization. Shifted zero-lag synchronization is observed for two lasers separated by long distances even when their self-feedback delays are not equal. Shifted sub-lattice synchronization is observed for quadrilateral geometries while the equilateral triangle is zero-lag synchronized. Generalized zero-lag synchronization, without the limitation of precisely matched delays, opens possibilities for advanced multi-user communication protocols.
Recently, a novel mixed-synchronization phenomenon is observed in counter-rotating nonlinear coupled oscillators. In mixed-synchronization state: some variables are synchronized in-phase, while others are out-of-phase. We have experimentally verified the occurrence of mixed-synchronization states in coupled counter-rotating chaotic piecewise Rossler oscillator. Analytical discussion on approximate stability analysis and numerical confirmation on the experimentally observed behavior is also given.
The effect of stirring in an inhomogeneous oscillatory medium is investigated. We show that the stirring rate can control the macroscopic behavior of the system producing collective oscillations (synchronization) or complete quenching of the oscillations (oscillator death). We interpret the homogenization rate due to mixing as a measure of global coupling and compare the phase diagrams of stirred oscillatory media and of populations of globally coupled oscillators.
We report mixed lag synchronization in coupled counter-rotating oscillators. The trajectories of counter-rotating oscillators has opposite directions of rotation in uncoupled state. Under diffusive coupling via a scalar variable, a mixed lag synchronization emerges when a parameter mismatch is induced in two counter-rotating oscillators. In the state of mixed lag synchronization, one pair of state variables achieve synchronization shifted in time while another pair of state variables are in antisynchronization, however, they are too shifted by the same time. Numerical example of the paradigmat…
In this paper, we report mixed synchronization between two counter rotating chaotic oscillators. We describe a procedure how to obtain a counter rotating oscillator for generalized oscillators. We elaborate the method with numerical examples of the Sprott system, Pikovsky-Rabinovich (PR) circuit model. Noise-induced mixed synchronization is also reported in PR circuit model. The physical realization of mixed synchronization in an electronic circuit of two counters-rotating Sprott systems also shown.
The particular properties of synchronization are discussed for the system of coupled van der Pol - Duffing oscillators. The arrangement of synchronization tongues and the particular properties of their internal structure in the parameter space are revealed. The features of attractors in the phase space and in the Poincare section are considered.
By coupling counter--rotating coupled nonlinear oscillators, we observe a ``mixed'' synchronization between the different dynamical variables of the same system. The phenomenon of amplitude death is also observed. Results for coupled systems with co--rotating coupled oscillators are also presented for a detailed comparison. Results for Landau-Stuart and Rossler oscillators are presented.
This paper presents the result of the investigation of chaotic oscillator synchronization. A new approach for detecting of synchronized behaviour of chaotic oscillators has been proposed. This approach is based on the analysis of different time scales in the time series generated by the coupled chaotic oscillators. This approach has been applied for the coupled Rossler and Lorenz systems.
The conditions for synchronization in unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators are revisited. We demonstrate with typical examples that the conditional Lyapunov exponents (CLEs) play an important role in distinguishing between intermittent and permanent synchronizations, when the analytic conditions for chaos synchronization are not uniformly obeyed. We show that intermittent synchronization can occur when CLEs are very small positive or negative values close to zero while permanent synchronization occurs when CLEs take sufficiently large negative values. There is also strong evidence for …
The particular properties of dynamics are discussed for the dissipatively coupled van der Pol oscillators, non-identical in values of parameters controlling the Hopf bifurcation. Possibility of a special synchronization regime in an infinitively long band between oscillation death and quasiperiodic areas is shown for such system. Features of the bifurcation picture are discussed for different values of the control parameters and for the case of additional Duffing-type nonlinearity. Analysis of the abridged equations is presented.
We study the synchronization of $N$ nearest neighbors coupled oscillators in a ring. We derive an analytic form for the phase difference among neighboring oscillators which shows the dependency on the periodic boundary conditions. At synchronization, we find two distinct quantities which characterize four of the oscillators, two pairs of nearest neighbors, which are at the border of the clusters before total synchronization occurs. These oscillators are responsible for the saddle node bifurcation, of which only two of them have a phase-lock of phase difference equals $\pm$$π$/2. Using these pr…
The problem of synchronization of coupled self-oscillators by external force is studied. The charts of Lyapunov's exponents in the "frequency - amplitude" parameter plane are obtained within the framework of the phase approximation. We identified the characteristic configurations of the domains of complete synchronization, two- and three-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations and different variants of partial synchronization of oscillators by an external force. The differences between regimes of mode locking and beats of partial oscillators are revealed and discussed. To visualize and analyze t…
We investigate and report an experimental confirmation of zero-lag synchronization (ZLS) in a system of three coupled time-delayed piecewise linear electronic circuits via dynamical relaying with different coupling configurations, namely mutual and subsystem coupling configurations. We have observed that when there is a feedback between the central unit (relay unit) and at least one of the outer units, ZLS occurs in the two outer units whereas the central and outer units exhibit inverse phase synchronization (IPS). We find that in the case of mutual coupling configuration ZLS occurs both in pe…
We investigate synchronization in a Kuramoto-like model with nearest neighbour coupling. Upon analyzing the behaviour of individual oscillators at the onset of complete synchronization, we show that the time interval between bursts in the time dependence of the frequencies of the oscillators exhibits universal scaling and blows up at the critical coupling strength. We also bring out a key mechanism that leads to phase locking. Finally, we deduce forms for the phases and frequencies at the onset of complete synchronization.
Spatiotemporal chaos in the form of defect-mediated turbulence is known for oscillators coupled by diffusion. Here we explore the same conditions that produce defect turbulence, in an array of oscillators that are coupled through the activator to a regular oscillator. We find that for very small coupling the oscillators behave independent of each other and then there is a transition to complete synchronization. On further increasing the coupling strength, there is period doubling and a transition to chaotic behavior of each driven unit. However the global behavior shows some ordering, and the …
We experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of various synchronized states in coupled piece-wise linear time-delayed electronic circuits using dynamic environment coupling where the environment has its own intrinsic dynamics via feedback from the circuits. We carry out these experiments in two different coupling configurations, namely mutual and subsystem coupling configurations. Depending upon the coupling strength and the nature of feedback, we observe a transition from nonsynchronization to complete synchronization via phase synchronization and from nonsynchronization to inverse synchroniz…
We study synchronization properties of coupled oscillators on networks that allow description in terms of global mean field coupling. These models generalize the standard Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model, allowing for different contributions of oscillators to the mean field and to different forces from the mean field on oscillators. We present the explicit solutions of self-consistency equations for the amplitude and frequency of the mean field in a parametric form, valid for noise-free and noise-driven oscillators. As an example we consider spatially spreaded oscillators, for which the coupling prope…
We study the manifestation of antiphase synchronization in a system of n Rossler Oscillators coupled through a dynamic environment. When the feedback from system to environment is positive (negative) and that from environment to system is negative (positive), the oscillators enter into a state of anti phase synchronization both in periodic and chaotic regimes. Their phases are found to be uniformly distributed over 2$pi$, with a phase lag of 2$pi$ /n between neighbors as is evident from the similarity function and the phase plots. The transition to anti phase synchronization is marked by the c…
Two types of phase synchronization (accordingly, two scenarios of breaking phase synchronization) between coupled stochastic oscillators are shown to exist depending on the discrepancy between the control parameters of interacting oscillators, as in the case of classical synchronization of periodic oscillators. If interacting stochastic oscillators are weakly detuned, the phase coherency of the attractors persists when phase synchronization breaks. Conversely, if the control parameters differ considerably, the chaotic attractor becomes phase-incoherent under the conditions of phase synchroniza…
We have found a synchronization behavior between two identical chaotic systems^M when their delay times are modulated by a common irregular signal. ^M This phenomenon is demonstrated both in two identical chaotic maps whose delay times are driven by a common^M chaotic or random signal and in two identical chaotic oscillators whose delay times are driven by^M a signal of another chaotic oscillator. We analyze the phenomenon by using^M the Lyapunov exponents and discuss it in relation with generalized synchronization.^M
We study the synchronization and stability of power grids within the Kuramoto phase oscillator model with inertia with a bimodal frequency distribution representing the generators and the loads. We identify critical nodes through solitary frequency deviations and Lyapunov vectors corresponding to unstable Lyapunov exponents. To cure dangerous deviations from synchronization we propose time-delayed feedback control, which is an efficient control concept in nonlinear dynamic systems. Different control strategies are tested and compared with respect to the minimum number of controlled nodes requi…
Coupled map lattices are paradigmatic models of many collective phenomena. However, quite different patterns can emerge depending on the updating scheme. While in early versions, maps were updated synchronously, there has been in recent years a concern to consider more realistic updating schemes where elements do not change all at once. Asynchronous updating schemes and the inclusion of time delays are seen as more realistic than the traditional parallel dynamics, and, in diverse works, either one or the other has been implemented separately. But are they actually distinct cases? For coupled m…
Synchronization commonly occurs in many natural and man-made systems, from neurons in the brain to cardiac cells to power grids to Josephson junction arrays. Transitions to or out of synchrony for coupled oscillators depend on several factors, such as individual frequencies, coupling, interaction time delays and network structure-function relation. Here, using a generalized Kuramoto model of time-delay coupled phase oscillators with frequency-weighted coupling, we study the stability of incoherent and coherent states and the transitions to or out of explosive (abrupt, first-order like) phase s…
This paper deals with the chaotic oscillator synchronization. A new approach to detect the synchronized behaviour of chaotic oscillators has been proposed. This approach is based on the analysis of different time scales in the time series generated by the coupled chaotic oscillators. It has been shown that complete synchronization, phase synchronization, lag synchronization and generalized synchronization are the particular cases of the synchronized behavior called as "time--scale synchronization". The quantitative measure of chaotic oscillator synchronous behavior has been proposed. This appr…
We make a short review about the synchronization in coupled phase oscillator models. Next, we study the common-noise-induced synchronization among active rotators. At an intermediate noise strength, the noise-induced synchronization takes place most effectively, which is analogous to the stochastic resonance. Finally, we study the synchronization of coupled phase oscillators with nonvariational interaction on scale-free networks. We find a sharp transition and a weak hysteresis in the nonvariational systems. The sharp transition is found also in the mean-field approximation.
In this work, we investigate the synchronization in oscillators with conjugate coupling in which oscillators interact via dissimilar variables. The synchronous dynamics and its stability are investigated theoretically and numerically. We find that the synchronous dynamics and its stability are dependent on both coupling scheme and the coupling constant. We also find that the synchronization may be independent of the number of oscillators. Numerical demonstrations with Lorenz oscillators are provided.
We study the synchronization of a coupled map lattice consisting of a one-dimensional chain of logistic maps. We consider global coupling with a time-delay that takes into account the finite velocity of propagation of interactions. We recently showed that clustering occurs for weak coupling, while for strong coupling the array synchronizes into a global state where each element sees all other elements in its current, present state [Physica A {\bf 325} (2003) 186, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 67} (2003) 056219]. In this paper we study the effects of in-homogeneities, both in the individual maps, which are…
A theoretical study of delayed feedback in spin-torque nano-oscillators is presented. A macrospin geometry is considered, where self-sustained oscillations are made possible by spin transfer torques associated with spin currents flowing perpendicular to the film plane. By tuning the delay and amplification of the self-injected signal, we identify dynamical regimes in this system such as chaos, switching between precession modes with complex transients, and oscillator death. Such delayed feedback schemes open up a new field of exploration for such oscillators, where the complex transient states…
We report enhancing of complete synchronization in identical chaotic oscillators when their interaction is mediated by a mismatched oscillator. The identical oscillators now interact indirectly through the intermediate relay oscillator. The induced heterogeneity in the intermediate oscillator plays a constructive role in reducing the critical coupling for a transition to complete synchronization. A common lag synchronization emerges between the mismatched relay oscillator and its neighboring identical oscillators that leads to this enhancing effect. We present examples of one-dimensional open …
In this article we study synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators with heterogeneous frequencies, and where underlying topology is a graph of diameter two. When the coupling strengths between every two connected oscillators are the same, we find an analytic condition that guarantees an existence of a Positively Invariant Set (PIS) and demonstrate that existence of a PIS suffices for frequency synchronization. For graphs of diameter two, this synchronization condition is significantly better than existing general conditions for an arbitrary topology. If the coupling strengths can be different fo…
The study on the collective dynamics of synchronization among genetic oscillators is essential for the understanding of the rhythmic phenomena of living organisms at both molecular and cellular levels. Genetic oscillators are biochemical networks, which can generally be modelled as nonlinear dynamic systems. We show in this paper that many genetic oscillators can be transformed into Lur'e form by exploiting the special structure of biological systems. By using control theory approach, we provide a theoretical method for analyzing the synchronization of coupled nonidentical genetic oscillators.…
Driven by various kinds of noise, ensembles of limit cycle oscillators can synchronize. In this letter, we propose a general formulation of synchronization of the oscillator ensembles driven by common colored noise with an arbitrary power spectrum. To explore statistical properties of such colored noise-induced synchronization, we derive the stationary distribution of the phase difference between two oscillators in the ensemble. This analytical result theoretically predicts various synchronized and clustered states induced by colored noise and also clarifies that these phenomena have a differe…
A density oscillator is a fluid system in which oscillatory flow occurs between different density fluids through the pore connecting them. We investigate the synchronization in coupled density oscillators using two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation and analyze the stability of the synchronous state based on the phase reduction theory. Our results show that the anti-phase, three-phase, and 2-2 partial-in-phase synchronization modes spontaneously appear as stable states in two, three, and four coupled oscillators, respectively. The phase dynamics of coupled density oscillators is interpreted w…
The stability of synchronization state in networks of oscillators are studied under the assumption that oscillators and their couplings have slightly mismatched parameters. A generalized master stability function is provided that takes the mismatches into account. Using this master stability function a lower bound on the probability of synchronization is derived for regular and random network models. The probability of stability of synchronization is then used to study the phase transition behavior of the networks. Numerical examples using van der Pol oscillators are used to illustrate the res…
