In [Physical Review Letters 101, 050403 (2008)], we showed that quantum theory cannot be explained by a hidden variable model with a non-trivial local part. The purpose of this comment is to clarify our notion of local part, which seems to have caused some confusion in the recent literature. This notion is based on Bell's and demands that local hidden variables are physical, the idea being that, if discovered, they would not contradict basic physical principles. We explain why the recent supposed "counterexamples" that have appeared are not counterexamples to our theorem--in fact they are based on a definition of local hidden variables which would allow signalling and is therefore not physical.
Comment on ``Hidden quantum nonlocality revealed by local filters''
在他的论文的第三部分（N。Gisin，Phys. Lett. A 210（1996）151），Gisin认为，广义量子测量的"粗心应用“可能违反贝尔不等式，即使是对于产物态的混合物。然而，观察到的CHSH不等式的违反实际上不是由于广义量子测量的应用，而是由于不等式本身的误用-条件期望，其中条件依赖于所考虑的测量。
Comment on "Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Bell's Theorem with Entangled Photons"
在最近的一篇文章中，Giustina等人[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115，250401（2015）]报告了一个先进的贝尔实验，同时关闭了局部隐变量理论的漏洞。作者声称，“本地现实主义”已被驳斥，除非“真正的异国情调的假设”。在这里，我认为，一个特别广泛和自然类的本地隐变量理论生存，例如，当隐变量描述的背景场。这种基于背景的理论利用了选择自由的漏洞，对于这种类型的隐藏变量，这个漏洞是无法关闭的。这种模型的动力学可以通过现有的系统来说明，例如来自流体力学。
Comment on "Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometers"
在最近的一篇文章中，Hensen et al. [Nature 526，682（2015）]报道了一个复杂的贝尔实验，同时首次关闭了局部隐变量理论（HVT）的漏洞。作者声称，“地方现实主义”已被驳斥，在某些自然的假设。本评论的目的有两个。首先，它是敦促当地的HVTs，这是消除报告的实验类应指定比作者做的更详细。其次，有人认为，类的地方HVTs仍然生存是广泛和自然的。例如，描述“背景”字段的隐藏变量可以利用选择自由漏洞，这对于这种类型的隐藏变量来说是无法关闭的。这种基于背景的理论的动力学可以通过现有的系统来说明，例如来自流体力学。
Contrary to what Lambare [arXiv:2008.00369] assumes, in non-Newtonian calculus (a calculus based on non-Diophantine arithmetic) an integral is typically given by a nonlinear map. This is the technical reason why all the standard proofs of Bell-type inequalities fail if non-Newtonian hidden variables are taken into account. From the non-Newtonian perspective, Bell's inequality is a property of a limited and unphysical class of hidden-variable models. An explicit counterexample to Bell's theorem can be easily constructed.
We revisit the issue of defining the entropy of a spatial region in a broad class of quantum theories. In theories with explicit regularizations, working within an elementary but general algebraic framework applicable to matter and gauge theories alike, we give precise path integral expressions for three known types of entanglement entropy that we call full, distillable, and gauge-invariant. For a class of gauge theories that do not necessarily have a regularization in our framework, including Chern-Simons theory, we describe a related approach to defining entropies based on locally extending …
Comment on "Reply to Comment on Time-dependent Quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonians and the Unitary Quantum Evolution"
我指出，如果像M那样定义算子$U_R(t)$，Znojil在他对我的评论[arXiv：0711.0137v1]的答复[arXiv：0711.0514v1]中也接受了他的论文[arXiv：0710.5653v1]中给出的$U_R(t)$的定义关系的有效性，人们发现相关量子系统的时间演化不是由哈密顿算符$H$的薛定谔方程决定的，而是一个与$H$不同的算符$H'$，如果度规算符是时间依赖的。在后一种情况下，该有效哈密顿量$H'$是不可观测的。这与我的论文[Phys. Lett. B 650，208（2007），arXiv：0706.1872v2]，其允许由不可观测的哈密顿量生成的酉时间演化。
Comment on "Proposal for the Measurement of Bell-Type Correlations from Continuous Variables"
在最近的一篇论文[T。C. Ralph，W. J. Munro，R. E. S. Polkinghorne，Phys. Rev. Lett. 85，2035（2000）]，作者提出了一个测试贝尔不等式的正交测量相关参数源的基础上。我们在这里提出了一个本地隐藏变量模型，再现所有的期望值预测所描述的实验方案，并指出，该建议是基于不一致的使用贝尔不等式。
In Phys. Rev. A 101, 022117 (2020), it was argued that Bell inequalities are based on classical, not quantum, physics, and hence their violation in experiments provides no support for the claimed existence of peculiar nonlocal and superluminal influences in the real (quantum) world. This Reply to Lambare's Comment, Phys. Rev. A 104, 066201 (2021), on that paper seeks to clarify some issues related to the correct use of Hilbert space quantum mechanics for identifying the microscopic causes of later macroscopic measurement outcomes, a matter not properly addressed by Bell, who used classical hid…
This paper deals with three traditional ways of defining contextuality: (C1) in terms of (non)existence of certain joint distributions involving measurements made in several mutually exclusive contexts; (C2) in terms of relationship between factual measurements in a given context and counterfactual measurements that could be made if one used other contexts; and (C3) in terms of (non)existence of ``hidden variables'' that determine the outcomes of all factually performed measurements. It is generally believed that the three meanings are equivalent, but the issues involved are not entirely trans…
Bell inequalities may only be derived, if hidden variables do not depend on the experimental settings. The stochastic independence of hidden and setting variables is called: freedom of choice, free will, measurement independence or no conspiracy. By imbedding the Bell causal structure in a larger causal network the authors correctly prove, that one can explain and quantify possible violation of measurement independence without evoking the super-determinism. They assume the independence of the variables that causally determine the settings and investigate how they might become correlated with h…
