Can the energy dependence of elliptic flow reveal the QGP phase transition?
Ulrich W Heinz
备注:
Final version, to appear in the proceedings of Quark Matter 2009: 21th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions (QM 2009), Knoxville, TN, Mar.30 - Apr.4, 2009. This version 2 uses larger fonts in Fig. 1c; no other changes
Ideal hydrodynamic simulations are performed to compute the evolution with collision energy of hadron spectra and elliptic flow between AGS and LHC energies. We argue that viscous effects should decrease with increasing energy, improving the applicability of ideal fluid dynamics at higher energies. We show that the increasing radial flow at higher energies pushes the elliptic flow to larger transverse momenta, leading to a peaking and subsequent decrease of the elliptic flow at fixed p_T with increasing collision energy, independent of whether or not there is a phase transition in the equation of state.
The emission of real photons from a momentum-anisotropic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is affected by both the collective flow of the radiating medium and the modification of local rest frame emission rate due to the anisotropic momentum distribution of partonic degrees of freedom. In this paper, we first calculate the photon production rate from an ellipsoidally momentum-anisotropic QGP including hard contributions from Compton scattering and quark pair annihilation and soft contribution calculated using the hard thermal loop (HTL) approximation. We introduce a parametrization of the nonequilibriu…
Elliptic flow in 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions and 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions: insights from viscous hydrodynamics + hadron cascade hybrid model
利用新近发展的将粘性流体力学与强子级联模型相结合的混合模型VISHNU,研究了200 A GeV Au+Au碰撞和2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb碰撞中不同中心仓下的微分和积分椭圆流v2.我们发现,从相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)到大型强子对撞机(LHC)能量,平均夸克-胶子等离子体(QGP)比剪切粘度η/s略有增加。然而,进一步的研究表明,(eta/s)_QGP(T)与温度的依赖关系不同,不能仅通过拟合光谱和v_2来唯一地约束(eta/s)_QGP(T)的形式。根据我们目前的理解,QGP流体在LHC能量达到的温度范围内是否更粘或更完美的问题仍然是开放的。
Transport and Langevin equations are employed to study hadronic medium effects on charmonium elliptic flows in heavy-ion collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, the anisotropic energy density of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the transverse plane is transformed into hadron momentum anisotropy after the phase transition. Charmonia with high transverse momentum $p_T$ are produced via the primordial hard process and undergo different degrees of dissociation along different paths in the QGP. They then scatter with light hadrons in the hadron phase. Both contributions to the charmonium elliptic flows are…
In the current work the time evolution of baryon diffusion flow within the scope of second order relativistic hydrodynamic theory has been studied for a 2-component quark-gluon system. The relaxation time for diffusion flow is estimated using the Grad's moment method of many particle kinetic theory. The temperature dependence of relaxation time for diffusion flow has been obtained for different quark chemical potentials. Finally, the diffusion equation has been solved for a $1+1$ dimensional boost invariant system and the effect of diffusion flow has been studied on the thermal photon spectra …
The journal Nature recently published a letter titled "Creating small circular, elliptical, and triangular droplets of quark-gluon plasma" [1]. The basis for that claim is a combination of measured Fourier amplitudes $v_2$ and $v_3$ from collision systems $p$-Au, $d$-Au and $h$-Au (helion $h$ is the nucleus of atom $^3$He), Glauber Monte Carlo estimates of initial-state transverse collision geometries for those systems and hydro Monte Carlo descriptions of the $v_n$ data. Correspondence between hydro $v_n$ trends and data trends is interpreted as confirmation of "collectivity" occurring in the…
We explore the system size dependence of heavy-quark-QGP interaction by studying the heavy flavor meson suppression and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb, Xe-Xe, Ar-Ar and O-O collisions at the LHC. The space-time evolution of the QGP is simulated using a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model, while the heavy-quark-QGP interaction is described by an improved Langevin approach that includes both collisional and radiative energy loss inside a thermal medium. Within this framework, we provides a reasonable description of the $D$ meson suppression and flow coefficients in Pb-Pb collisions, as well as …
I review recent developments in the phenomenological study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transport properties based on a personal selection of results that were presented at Quark Matter 2019. The constraints on the temperature dependence of QGP shear and bulk viscosity are summarized. I discuss new theory advancements towards more realistic 3D dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions at finite baryon density. The challenges and opportunities of applying hydrodynamics to small collision systems are highlighted.
Azimuthal and polar angle distributions of particles produced in heavy ion collisions carry important information about the early state of the system and the evolution of the Quark Gluon Plasma. The pixelization code HEALPix was created by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to analyze the cosmic microwave background. As has been shown using public data from the ALICE experiment, its two-dimensional representation of a sphere containing pixels of equal area has a broader application to heavy ion collisions. The angular power spectrum, an application of HEALPix, is directly related to the particle fl…