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arXiv 0907.1175cond-mat.stat-mech
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正则系综的子系综热力学

Thermodynamics of a subensemble of a canonical ensemble

M. F. Gelin, M. Thoss

摘要:

两种方法来描述与热浴相互作用的子系统的热力学。在第一种方法中,平均系统能量$E_{S}$与系统哈密顿量的期望值一致,该期望值相对于整体(系统+浴)平衡分布进行评估。在第二种方法中,系统配分函数$Z_{S}$被认为是基本量,其被假定为整体(系统+浴)和浴配分函数的比率,并且标准热力学关系式$E_{S}=-d(\ln Z_{S})/dβ$用于获得平均系统能量。%($β\equiv 1/(k_{B}T)$,$k_{B}$是玻尔兹曼常数,%和$T$是温度)。采用经典和量子力学的处理,这两种方法的优点和缺点进行了详细的分析,为各种不同的系统。结果表明,已经在经典力学的两种方法预测显着不同的结果提供的系统浴相互作用的热力学量是不是双线性的或感兴趣的系统由一个以上的单个粒子。根据结果,可以得出结论,第一种方法是优越的。

英文摘要:

Two approaches to describe the thermodynamics of a subsystem that interacts with a thermal bath are considered. Within the first approach, the mean system energy $E_{S}$ is identified with the expectation value of the system Hamiltonian, which is evaluated with respect to the overall (system+bath) equilibrium distribution. Within the second approach, the system partition function $Z_{S}$ is considered as the fundamental quantity, which is postulated to be the ratio of the overall (system+bath) and the bath partition functions, and the standard thermodynamic relation $E_{S}=-d(\ln Z_{S})/dβ$ is used to obtain the mean system energy. % ($β\equiv 1/(k_{B}T)$, $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant, %and $T$ is the temperature). Employing both classical and quantum mechanical treatments, the advantages and shortcomings of the two approaches are analyzed in detail for various different systems. It is shown that already within classical mechanics both approaches predict significantly different results for thermodynamic quantities provided the system-bath interaction is not bilinear or the system of interest consists of more than a single particle. Based on the results, it is concluded that the first approach is superior.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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