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arXiv 0906.2991astro-ph.SR
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中L到中T矮星的0.8-14.5微米光谱:有效温度、颗粒沉降、气体输送和表面重力的诊断

The 0.8-14.5 micron Spectra of Mid-L to Mid-T Dwarfs: Diagnostics of Effective Temperature, Grain Sedimentation, Gas Transport, and Surface Gravity

D. C. Stephens, S. K. Leggett, Michael C. Cushing, Mark S. Marley, D. Saumon, T. R. Geballe, David A. Golimowski, Xiaohui Fan, K. S. Noll

摘要:

我们提出了新的5.2-14.5微米低分辨率光谱的14个中L到中T矮星,以及3.0-4.1微米光谱的这些矮星。这些数据由现有的红色和近红外光谱(0.6-2.5微米)以及Cushing等人(2008)提出的其他七个L和T矮星的红色到中红外光谱补充。我们将这些光谱与Saumon & Marley(2008)的模型大气产生的光谱进行了比较。除了一颗非常红的L3.5矮星2 MASS J22244381-0158521之外,这些模型很好地再现了观测到的光谱。广泛的波长覆盖范围使我们能够几乎独立地约束用于描述这些光球在我们的模型中的四个参数:有效温度(Teff),表面重力,颗粒沉降效率(fsed)和垂直气体传输效率(Kzz)。L3.5到T5.5矮星的样本跨越1800 < Teff < 1000 K的范围,对于典型的近红外颜色的矮星,L-T跃迁(光谱类型L7-T4)位于1400 K和1100 K之间;当使用红外光谱类型时,蓝矮星和红矮星可以分别温暖或冷却100 K。在这个模型分析中,fsed在T0和T4之间迅速增加,这表明增加的沉积可以解释在褐矮星演化的这个阶段云的快速消失。有一种说法认为,对于低重力的矮星来说,向无尘大气的转变发生在较低的温度下。

英文摘要:

We present new 5.2-14.5 micron low-resolution spectra of 14 mid-L to mid-T dwarfs, as well as 3.0-4.1 micron spectra for five of these dwarfs. These data are supplemented by existing red and near-infrared spectra (0.6-2.5 micron), as well as red through mid-infrared spectroscopy of seven other L and T dwarfs presented by Cushing et al. (2008). We compare these spectra to those generated from the model atmospheres of Saumon & Marley (2008). The models reproduce the observed spectra well, except in the case of one very red L3.5 dwarf, 2MASS J22244381-0158521. The broad wavelength coverage allows us to constrain almost independently the four parameters used to describe these photospheres in our models: effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity, grain sedimentation efficiency (fsed) and vertical gas transport efficiency (Kzz). The sample of L3.5 to T5.5 dwarfs spans the range 1800 < Teff < 1000 K, with an L-T transition (spectral types L7-T4) that lies between 1400 K and 1100K for dwarfs with typical near-infrared colors; bluer and redder dwarfs can be 100 K warmer or cooler, respectively, when using infrared spectral types. In this model analysis, fsed increases rapidly between types T0 and T4, indicating that increased sedimentation can explain the rapid disappearance of clouds at this stage of brown dwarf evolution. There is a suggestion that the transition to dust-free atmospheres happens at lower temperatures for lower gravity dwarfs.

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