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arXiv 0906.2165hep-thhep-ph
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从鬼魂那里得到的宇宙学常数。一个玩具模型

The cosmological constant from the ghost. A toy model

Federico R. Urban, Ariel R. Zhitnitsky

摘要:

我们认为,宇宙真空能量之谜的解决方案与引力与标准模型场相互作用的有效理论的红外部分有关。我们提出了一个具体的可解二维模型,我们的建议可以明确测试。我们分析了2-torus和弯曲的2d空间中的2d Schwinger模型,主要是利用其拓扑敏感性,其与非平凡拓扑或时空平坦性偏差的联系,以及其与真实4d世界的关系。在2-torus和弯曲的2d空间中,Kogut-Susskind鬼(这是4d中Veneziano鬼的直接模拟)在真空能量的计算中起着至关重要的作用。偏离闵可夫斯基平坦,这是定义为宇宙学常数在我们的框架,被发现的规模为1/L,其中L是线性尺寸的环面。因此,尽管2d QED的物理扇区是由单个大质量标量粒子表示的,但与闵可夫斯基空间的偏差在L中是线性的,而不是人们天真地期望的指数抑制。

英文摘要:

We suggest that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle is linked to the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity interacting with standard model fields. We propose a specific solvable two dimensional model where our proposal can be explicitly tested. We analyse the 2d Schwinger model on a 2-torus and in curved 2d space, mostly exploiting the properties of its topological susceptibility, its links with the non-trivial topology or deviations from spacetime flatness, and its relations to the real 4d world. The Kogut-Susskind ghost (which is a direct analogue of the Veneziano ghost in 4d) on a 2-torus and in curved 2d space plays a crucial role in the computation of the vacuum energy. The departure from Minkowski flatness, which is defined as the cosmological constant in our framework, is found to scale as 1/L, where L is the linear size of the torus. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the physical sector of 2d QED is represented by a single massive scalar particle, the deviation from Minkowski space is linear in L rather than exponentially suppressed as one could naively expect.

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