H. W. Braden, T. P. Northover
By giving an homology basis well adapted to the symmetries of Klein's curve, presented as a plane curve, we derive a new expression for its period matrix. This is explicitly related to the hyperbolic model and results of Rauch and Lewittes.
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We give an explicit description of all 168 quartic curves over the field of two elements that are isomorphic to the Klein curve over an algebraic extension. Some of the curves have been known for their small class number, others for attaining the maximal number of rational points.
We give uniformizations of the Klein quartic curve and the Fermat septic curve as Shimura curves parametrizing Abelian $6$-folds with endomorphisms $\ZZ[\z_7]$.
Klein coverings over hyperelliptic genus 3 curves
本文研究了超椭圆亏格为3的曲线的克莱因覆盖的模空间，证明了普里姆映射的单射性，并展示了其普里姆映射的有限性。
We compute the Suslin homology of relative curves with modulus. This result may be regarded as a modulus version of the computation of motives for curves, due to Suslin and Voevodsky.
We study the chiral homology of elliptic curves with coefficients in a quasiconformal vertex algebra. Our main result expresses the nodal curve limit of the first chiral homology group in terms of the Hochschild homology of the Zhu algebra of V. A technical result of independent interest regarding the equivalence between the associated graded with respect to Li's filtration and the arc space of the C_2 algebra is presented.
In this paper, we derive the exact formula of Klein's fundamental 2-form of second kind for the so-called $C_{ab}$ curves. The problem was initially solved by Klein in the 19th century for the hyper-elliptic curves, but little progress had been seen for its extension for more than 100 years. Recently, it has been addressed by several authors, and was solved for subclasses of the $C_{ab}$ curves whereas they found a way to find its individual solution numerically. The formula gives a standard cohomological basis for the curves, and has many applications in algebraic geometry, physics, and appli…
Let $S$ be an irreducible smooth projective surface and $\mathcal{F}$ a collection of curves with negative self-intersection on $S$ such that no positive combination $aC_1 + bC_2$ is connected nef. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof that $\mathcal{F}$ is bounded by an exponential function of the Picard number $ρ(S)$ of $S$ using an extended version of the Klein disc model for hyperbolic space.
Let $C$ be a complex, reduced, locally planar curve. We extend the results of Rennemo arXiv:1308.4104 to reducible curves by constructing an algebra $A$ acting on $V=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0} H_*(C^{[n]}, \mathbb{Q})$, where $C^{[n]}$ is the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on $C$. If $m$ is the number of irreducible components of $C$, we realize $A$ as a subalgebra of the Weyl algebra of $\mathbb{A}^{2m}$. We also compute the representation $V$ in the simplest reducible example of a node.
We study the moduli space ${V}_4\mathcal{M}_{g}$ of Klein four covers of genus $g$ curves and its natural compactification. This requires the construction of a related space which has a choice of basis for the Klein four group. This space has the interesting property that the two components intersect along a component of the boundary. Further, we carry out a detailed analysis of the boundary, determining components, degrees of the components over their images in $\overline{\mathcal{M}_g}$, and computing the canonical divisor of $\overline{{V}_4\mathcal{M}_{g}}$.
Galois Action on Homology of the Heisenberg Curve
本文研究海森堡曲线的基本群与同调结构，构造了阿廷辫子群在其上的作用，并用特征0域上海森堡群的不可约表示描述其同调。
We apply the methods of Heegaard Floer homology to identify topological properties of complex curves in the complex projective plane. As one application, we resolve an open conjecture that constrains the Alexander polynomial of the link of the singular point of the curve in the case that there is exactly one singular point, having connected link, and the curve is of genus 0. Generalizations apply in the case of multiple singular points.
The fundamental group of Fermat and generalized Fermat curves is computed. These curves are Galois ramified covers of the projective line with abelian Galois groups $H$. We provide a unified study of the action of both cover Galois group $H$ and the absolute Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\Q}/\Q)$ on the pro-$\ell$ homology of the curves in study. Also the relation to the pro-$\ell$ Burau representation is investigated.
We study the singular homology (with field coefficients) of the moduli stack of stable n-pointed complex curves of genus g (the Deligne-Mumford compactification). Each of its irreducible boundary components determines via the Pontrjagin-Thom construction a map to a certain infinite loop space whose homology is well understood. We show that these maps are surjective on homology in a range of degrees proportional to the genus. This implies the existence of many new torsion classes in the homology of the moduli stack.
We use invariants of Hendricks and Manolescu coming from involutive Heegaard Floer theory to find constraints on possible configurations of singular points of a rational cuspidal curve of odd degree in the projective plane. We show that the results do not carry over to rational cuspidal curves of even degree.
The (Co)homology of the Deligne-Mumford Moduli Spaces of Marked Rational Curves
本文整理了实带标记有理曲线的Deligne-Mumford模空间（上）同调的关键结果与未解决问题，涵盖拓扑与代数两个方向，并尝试用类operad语言刻画其同调结构。
A Hodge filtration on chiral homology and Poisson homology of associated schemes
通过构型空间上同调群的混合Hodge结构，在光滑椭圆曲线的手性同调复形上引入滤过，建立顶点代数系数的手性同调与相伴Poisson概形的Poisson同调之间的联系，并证明低次手性同调的有限维性。
We generalize results by Wakabayashi and Orevkov about rational cuspidal curves on the projective plane to that on $\mathbb{Q}$-homology projective planes. It turns out that the result is exactly the same as the projective plane case under suitable assumptions. We also provide examples which demonstrate sharpness of the results. The ambient surface is singular in these examples.
For an odd prime $p$ satisfying Vandiver's conjecture, we give explicit formulae for the action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_p)}$ on the homology of the degree $p$ Fermat curve, building on work of Anderson. Further, we study the invariants and the first Galois cohomology group which are associated with obstructions to rational points on the Fermat curve.
The moduli space $\bar{M}_S^σ(R)$ parameterizes the isomorphism classes of $S$-pointed stable real curves of genus zero which are invariant under relabeling by the involution $σ$. This moduli space is stratified according to the degeneration types of $σ$-invariant curves. The degeneration types of $σ$-invariant curves are encoded by their dual trees with additional decorations. We construct a combinatorial graph complex generated by the fundamental classes of strata of $\bar{M}_S^σ(R)$. We show that the homology of $\bar{M}_S^σ(R)$ is isomorphic to the homology of our graph complex. We also gi…
Genus stabilization for the homology of moduli spaces of orbit-framed curves with symmetries-I
本文研究带对称性的轨道框架曲线模空间的同调稳定化问题，证明了在特定条件下该空间的同调稳定化性质。
In his paper titled "Torsion points on Fermat Jacobians, roots of circular units and relative singular homology", Anderson determines the homology of the degree $n$ Fermat curve as a Galois module for the action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_n)}$. In particular, when $n$ is an odd prime $p$, he shows that the action of $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_p)}$ on a more powerful relative homology group factors through the Galois group of the splitting field of the polynomial $1-(1-x^p)^p$. If $p$ satisfies Vandiver's conjecture, we prove that the Galois group of this splitting field over $\mathbb{…
Friedlander and Mazur proposed a conjecture of hard Lefschetz type on Lawson homology. We shall relate this conjecture to Suslin conjecture on Lawson homology. For abelian varieties, this conjecture is shown to be equivalent to a vanishing conjecture of Beauville type on Lawson homology. For symmetric products of curves, we show that this conjecture amounts to the vanishing conjecture of Beauville type for the Jacobians of the corresponding curves. As a consequence, Suslin conjecture holds for all symmetric products of curves with genus at most 2.
In this paper we examine curves defined over a field of characteristic 2 which are $(\ZZ/2\ZZ)^2$-covers of the projective line. In particular, we prove which 2-ranks occur for such curves of a given genus and where possible we give explicit equations for such curves.
Besides offering a friendly introduction to knot homologies and quantum curves, the goal of these lectures is to review some of the concrete predictions that follow from the physical interpretation of knot homologies. In particular, this interpretation allows one to pose questions that would not have been asked otherwise, such as, "Is there a direct relation between Khovanov homology and the A-polynomial of a knot?" We will explain that the answer to this question is "yes," and introduce a certain deformation of the planar algebraic curve defined by the zero locus of the A-polynomial. This nov…
The reduced Burau representation $V_n$ of the braid group $B_n$ is obtained from the action of $B_n$ on the homology of an infinite cyclic cover of the disc with $n$ punctures. The group homology $H_*(B_n;V_n)$ of braid groups with coefficients in the complexified reduced Burau representation is calculated. Our topological calculation has the following arithmetic interpretation (which also has different algebraic proofs): the expected number of points on a random superelliptic curve of a fixed genus over $\mathbb{F}_q$ is exactly $q$.
We investigate the geometry of étale $4:1$ coverings of smooth complex genus 2 curves with the monodromy group isomorphic to the Klein four-group. There are two cases, isotropic and non-isotropic depending on the values of the Weil pairing restricted to the group defining the covering. We recall from our previous work \cite{bo} the results concerning the non-isotropic case and fully describe the isotropic case. We show that the necessary information to construct the Klein coverings is encoded in the 6 points on $\mathbb{P}^1$ defining the genus 2 curve. The main result of the paper is the fact…
In this article, we consider an infinite family of normal surface singularities with an integral homology sphere link which is related to the family of space monomial curves with a plane semigroup. These monomial curves appear as the special fibers of equisingular families of curves whose generic fibers are a complex plane branch, and the related surface singularities appear in a proof of the monodromy conjecture for these curves. To investigate whether the link of a normal surface singularity is an integral homology sphere, one can use a characterization that depends on the determinant of the…
Computing superspecial hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 with automorphism group properly containing the Klein 4-group
本文提出算法，在Magma上枚举或寻找自同构群真包含Klein 4群的亏格4超特殊超椭圆曲线，成功枚举了$19 \leq p < 500$的所有曲线，并为$19 \leq p < 7000$的每个$p$找到一条。
Homology of spaces of curves on blowups
该文研究紧致黎曼曲面到有限点胀开射影空间的全纯映射空间的同调，用Vassiliev单纯形分解法证明映射次数足够正时其同调与正相交例外除子的连续映射空间同调相等，还得到5次del Pezzo曲面上有理曲线的同调稳定性结果。
We suggest a general method of computation of the homology of certain smooth covers $\hat{\mathcal{M}}_{g,1}(\mathbb{C})$ of moduli spaces $\mathcal{M}_{g,1}\br{\mathbb{C}}$ of pointed curves of genus $g$. Namely, we consider moduli spaces of algebraic curves with level $m$ structures. The method is based on the lifting of the Strebel-Penner stratification $\mathcal{M}_{g,1}\br{\mathbb{C}}$. We apply this method for $g\leq 2$ and obtain Betti numbers; these results are consistent with Penner and Harer-Zagier results on Euler characteristics.
Let C be a proper, integral, locally planar curve, and consider its Hilbert schemes of points C^[n]. We define 4 creation/annihilation operators acting on the rational homology groups of these Hilbert schemes and show that the operators satisfy the relations of a Weyl algebra. The action of this algebra is similar to that defined by Grojnowski and Nakajima for a smooth surface. As a corollary, we compute the cohomology of C^[n] in terms of the cohomology of the compactified Jacobian of C together with an auxiliary grading on the latter. This recovers and slightly strenghtens a formula recently…
We conjecture an expression for the dimensions of the Khovanov-Rozansky HOMFLY homology groups of the link of a plane curve singularity in terms of the weight polynomials of Hilbert schemes of points scheme-theoretically supported on the singularity. The conjecture specializes to our previous conjecture relating the HOMFLY polynomial to the Euler numbers of the same spaces upon setting t = -1. By generalizing results of Piontkowski on the structure of compactified Jacobians to the case of Hilbert schemes of points, we give an explicit prediction of the HOMFLY homology of a (k, n) torus knot as…
In this paper we study the Real Gromov-Witten theory of local 3-folds over Real curves. We show that this gives rise to a 2-dimensional Klein TQFT defined on an extension of the category of unorientable surfaces. We use this structure to completely solve the theory by providing a closed formula for the local RGW invariants in terms of representation theoretic data, extending earlier results of Bryan and Pandharipande. As a consequence we obtain the local version of the real Gopakumar-Vafa formula that expresses the connected real Gromov-Witten invariants in terms of integer invariants. In the …
Heegaard Floer homology and plane curves with non-cuspidal singularities
本文利用Floer理论给出链环knotification的knot Floer复形上H₁-作用的一般公式，并借此研究复射影平面中一般代数曲线非尖点奇点的可能构型。
Klein's simple group $H$ of order $168$ is the automorphism group of the plane quartic curve $C$, called Klein quartic. By Torelli Theorem, the full automorphism group $G$ of the Jacobian $J=J(C)$ is the group of order $336$, obtained by adding minus identity to $H$. The quotient variety $J/G$ can be alternatively represented as the quotient $\mathbb C^3/\tilde G$ of the complex $3$-space by the complex crystallographic group $\tilde G$, the extension of $G$ by the period lattice of the Klein quartic. Moreover, it turns out that $\tilde G$ is generated by affine complex reflections. According …
Let $Γ$ be a finite-index subgroup of the mapping class group of a closed genus $g$ surface that contains the Torelli group. For instance, $Γ$ can be the level $L$ subgroup or the spin mapping class group. We show that $H_2(Γ;\Q) \cong \Q$ for $g \geq 5$. A corollary of this is that the rational Picard groups of the associated finite covers of the moduli space of curves are equal to $\Q$. We also prove analogous results for surface with punctures and boundary components.
We study the first chiral homology group of elliptic curves with coefficients in vacuum insertions of a conformal vertex algebra V. We find finiteness conditions on V guaranteeing that these homologies are finite dimensional, generalizing the $C_2$-cofinite, or quasi-lisse condition in the degree 0 case. We determine explicitly the flat connections that these homologies acquire under smooth variation of the elliptic curve, as insertions of the conformal vector and the Weierstrass $ζ$ function. We construct linear functionals associated to self-extensions of V-modules and prove their convergenc…
This paper establishes an isomorphism between the Bar-Natan skein module of the solid torus with a particular boundary curve system and the homology of the (n,n) Springer variety. The results build on Khovanov's work with crossingless matchings and the cohomology of the (n,n) Springer variety. We also give a formula for comultiplication in the Bar-Natan skein module for this specific three-manifold and boundary curve system.
Cohomological Hall algebras and Quot schemes of curves
本文研究曲线的上同调Hall代数对Quot概形同调的作用，引入虚拟同调，证明挠CoHA与shuffle代数及Yang-Baxter算子相关，并用于确定tautological关系及新基，最后给出加倍构造。
Let X be a geometrically connected smooth projective curve of genus one, defined over the field of real numbers, such that X does not have any real points. We classify the isomorphism classes of all stable real algebraic vector bundles over X.
Homology of moduli spaces of curves and commutative homotopy algebras
给出了带穿孔代数曲线的紧化和非紧化模空间的上同调之间的一个显式关系。这种关系推广了Lazard、Kontsevich、Ginzburg和Kapranov提出的交换代数和李代数之间的关系。更明确地说，我们证明了一个模空间的上同调是图复形的上同调的其他，这反过来又推广了Getzler的结果亏格零模。我们还证明了紧化模空间的链算子上的一类代数具有交换同伦代数的自然结构。这可以被认为是Lian-Zuckerman的BV代数结构的点积提升到上链水平，从而补充了作者关于BV括号的早期论文hep-th/9307114的结果。
We describe polar homology groups for complex manifolds. The polar k-chains are subvarieties of complex dimension k with meromorphic forms on them, while the boundary operator is defined by taking the polar divisor and the Poincare residue on it. The polar homology groups may be regarded as holomorphic analogues of the homology groups in topology. We also describe the polar homology groups for quasi-projective one-dimensional varieties (affine curves). These groups obey the Mayer--Vietoris property. A complex counterpart of the Gauss linking number of two curves in a three-fold and various gau…
We investigate the possible homological classes of rational curves on the moduli space $X_n=\bar{\mathcal{M}_{0,n}}$ of rational nodal curves with $n$ marked points. In the case of $X_5$ and $X_6$ the relevant homology classes belong to certain polyhedral cones which we describe explicitly. Not all homology classes in the cone correspond to rational curves, but all classes sufficiently far from the walls of the cone do. The proof for $X_5$ is explicit, the proof for $X_6$ was carried out using computers.
We study tori attached to the fundamental groups of plane curves with arbitrary singularities. These tori provide complete information about homology of finite abelian covers of the plane branched along the curve. We calculate these tori in terms of certain linear systems determined by the singularities of the curve. In the case of the complements to a union of lines they can be calculated from the lattice of the arrangement and are closely related to the components of the space of Aomoto complexes with prescribed homology.
This paper discusses a central theorem in birational geometry first proved by Eugenio Bertini in 1891. J.L. Coolidge described the main ideas behind Bertini's proof, but he attributed the theorem to Clebsch. He did so owing to a short note that Felix Klein appended to the republication of Bertini's article in 1894. The precise circumstances that led to Klein's intervention can be easily reconstructed from letters Klein exchanged with Max Noether, who was then completing work on the lengthy report he and Alexander Brill published on the history of algebraic functions [Brill/Noether 1894]. This …
Let $F_n$ denote the Fermat curve given by $x^n+y^n=z^n$ and let $μ_n$ denote the Galois module of $n$th roots of unity. It is known that the integral homology group $H_1(F_n,\Z)$ is a cyclic $\Z[μ_n\times μ_n]$ module. In this paper, we prove this result using modular symbols and the modular description of Fermat curves; moreover we find a basis for the integral homology group $H_1(F_n,\Z)$. We also construct a family of Fermat curves using the Fermat surface and compute its monodromy.
Action of the automorphism group on the Jacobian of Klein's quartic curve II: Invariant theta functions
本文证明了由反射生成的不可约复晶体反射群在三维复仿射空间上的商是权重为1,2,4,7的加权射影空间，其中相伴共线群是168阶克莱因单群，主要基于不变theta函数代数的计算。
In this paper we show that the homology of a certain natural compactification of the moduli space, introduced by Kontsevich in his study of Witten's conjectures, can be described completely algebraically as the homology of a certain differential graded Lie algebra. This two-parameter family is constructed by using a Lie cobracket on the space of noncommutative 0-forms, a structure which corresponds to pinching simple closed curves on a Riemann surface, to deform the noncommutative symplectic geometry described by Kontsevich in his subsequent papers.
We study natural additional structures on real algebraic surfaces with trivial first homology mod 2 of the complexification. If the set of real points realizes the zero of the second homology mod 2 of the complexification, then the set of real points is equipped with a pair of opposite orientations and a Spin structure. If the set of real points realizes the same homology class as the complexification of a real curve on the surface, then the complement of the curve in set of real points is equipped a pair of opposite orientations, which do not extend across the curve, and the whole set of real…
It is well known that formal solutions to the Associativity Equations are the same as cyclic algebras over the homology operad $(H_*(\bar{M}_{0,n+1}))$ of the moduli spaces of $n$--pointed stable curves of genus zero. In this paper we establish a similar relationship between the pencils of formal flat connections (or solutions to the Commutativity Equations) and homology of a new series $\bar{L}_n$ of pointed stable curves of genus zero. Whereas $\bar{M}_{0,n+1}$ parametrizes trees of $\bold{P}^1$'s with pairwise distinct nonsingular marked points, $\bar{L}_n$ parametrizes strings of $\bold{P}…
The moduli space $\bar{M}_A$ of weighted pointed stable curves of genus zero is stratified according to the degeneration types of such curves. We show that the homology groups of the moduli space $\bar{M}_A$ are generated by the strata of $\bar{M}_A$ and give all additive relations between them. We also observe that the Chow groups $A_i \bar{M}_A$ and the homology groups $H_{2i} \bar{M}_A$ are isomorphic. This generalizes Kontsevich-Manin's and Losev-Manin's theorems to arbitrary weight data $A$.
We study the topology of a space parametrizing stable tropical curves of genus g with volume 1, showing that its reduced rational homology is canonically identified with both the top weight cohomology of M_g and also with the genus g part of the homology of Kontsevich's graph complex. Using a theorem of Willwacher relating this graph complex to the Grothendieck-Teichmueller Lie algebra, we deduce that H^{4g-6}(M_g;Q) is nonzero for g=3, g=5, and g at least 7. This disproves a recent conjecture of Church, Farb, and Putman as well as an older, more general conjecture of Kontsevich. We also give …
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